Uruguayan Cannabis Social Clubs: From activism to dispensaries?

Background: In 2013 Uruguay regulated three models for the supply of cannabis for recreational use (Law 19.172), including Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs). According to the Cannabis Regulation and Control Institute, 110 CSCs are active at the time of writing.

Latent subgroups of cognitive performance in lead- and manganese-exposed Uruguayan children: Examining behavioral signatures.

Objectives: Lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) are confirmed neurotoxins but it is unclear to what extent low-level exposure produces a unique behavioral signature. The objective of this study was to investigate latent cognitive profiles among children (6-8 years) from Montevideo, Uruguay co-exposed to these metals.

Method: Among 345 children, blood Pb and hair Mn were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy and ICP-MS, respectively.

Autologous transobturator sling as an alternative therapy for stress urinary incontinence.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and outcomes of the autologous transobturator midurethral sling for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, an autologous transobturator mid-urethral sling was used to treat SUI among women attending a university hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay, from June 2017 to July 2018. In the first phase, autologous tissue of the abdominis rectus fascia was collected.

Motor and cognitive performances in pre-lingual cochlear implant adolescents, related with vestibular function and auditory input.

Background: Information about the role of auditory input and motor control is limited.

Objectives: Assessment the relationship between auditory and vestibular information with specific motor and cognitive functions.

Methods: Posturography in 17 Pre-lingual Cochlear Implant Adolescents, (PCIA) age 14.

DNA damage in dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells: An study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of a DNA comet assay, DNA fragmentation fluorimetric assay and reactive oxygen species levels as potential biomarkers of genome conditions of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from dog canine teeth. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the dental pulp collected from dog teeth. The results obtained suggest the ideal moment for clinical application of cellular therapy for this type of cell.

A cross-sectional study of urinary cadmium concentrations in relation to dietary intakes in Uruguayan school children.

Background: Cadmium (Cd) exposure has adverse health effects in children. Diet contributes to Cd exposure, but dietary components could affect body Cd levels.

Objective: To examine associations between diet and urinary Cd (U-Cd) in children.

Association of Low Lead Levels with Behavioral Problems and Executive Function Deficits in Schoolers from Montevideo, Uruguay.

The negative effect of lead exposure on children's intelligence is well-documented. Less is known about the impact of lead on the use of executive functions to self-regulate behavior. We measured blood lead level (BLL) in a sample of first grade children from Montevideo, Uruguay (n = 206, age 6.

"Subnutrition effects during pregnancy and lactation on mitosis, apoptosis and androgen receptor expression in the rat testis".

In order to study the effect of undernutrition during gestation on the testicular development in rats and its impact on mitosis, apoptosis and the relative abundance of androgen receptor expression, twenty primiparous 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) rats, weighing 246 ± 4.0 grams when the experiment began, were mated by the same male. Control group (CG), n = 10, fed ad libitum with water and rat chow and restricted group (RG, n = 10) fed throughout pregnancy and until birth with 40% of the ad libitum maternal daily feed intake.

Drinking water lead, iron and zinc concentrations as predictors of blood lead levels and urinary lead excretion in school children from Montevideo, Uruguay.

The global burden of water-based lead (Pb) exposure on children is largely unknown; however, the importance of water sources as a path of Pb exposure is receiving increased attention due to recent prominent exposure events related to corroded plumbing infrastructure in the US. This study investigated the contribution of Pb in household drinking and cooking water to Pb levels in blood (PbB) and urine (PbU) within 353 early school-aged children from Montevideo, Uruguay. Additionally, the analysis considered the child's iron status and the water content of iron (WFe) and zinc (WZn) in relation to water Pb and blood/urine Pb concentrations.

Multiple-metal exposure, diet, and oxidative stress in Uruguayan school children.

Oxidative stress (OS) is an important consequence of exposure to toxic metals but it is unclear to what extent low-level metal exposures contribute to OS in children. We examined the cross-sectional association between urinary concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) and urinary markers of OS: F-8α isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG). We also tested effect modification by dietary intakes.

Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in tissue repair process.

Synthetic biomaterials submitted to new structural technologies have become ideal for the recovery of traumatized bone tissues and some bone substitutes such as bioactive glass, β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) are being used in areas of tissue defects. For this study, ACP was produced in the form of fibers and then submitted to cytotoxicity testing. A sample of ACP was inserted into the mandibular region of a patient with a lost implant so after removal and curettage, the remaining bone site was filled with the ACP biomaterial.

A cross-sectional study of general cognitive abilities among Uruguayan school children with low-level arsenic exposure, potential effect modification by methylation capacity and dietary folate.

Background: Few studies have evaluated the association between low-level arsenic (As) exposure and cognitive performance among children.

Objectives: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the association between low-level As exposure and cognitive performance among 5-8 year-old children in Montevideo, and tested effect modification by As methylation capacity and children's dietary folate intake.

Methods: We measured total urinary As (UAs) concentrations and the proportion of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) in the urine of 328 children.

Design and Objectives of the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE) Study.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to introduce the overarching study design of the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE) study, which is an observational multicenter feasibility study held in seven South American cities: Buenos Aires (Argentina), Lima (Peru), Medellin (Colombia), Montevideo (Uruguay), Santiago (Chile), and São Paulo and Teresina (Brazil). Children and adolescents (3-17 years of age) were studied.

Methods: The data management systems, quality assurance monitoring activities, standardized operating procedure manuals, and training and study management are addressed in this paper.

Development of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessing Dietary Intake in Children and Adolescents in South America.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the development of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intake in South American children and adolescents.

Methods: A total of 345 children (aged 3-10 years) and 357 adolescents (aged 11-17 years) were included for analysis. The FFQ was designed to be self-administered and to assess dietary intake over the past 3 months.

A new procedure for processing extracted teeth for immediate grafting in post-extraction sockets. An experimental study in American Fox Hound dogs.

Objectives: To investigate freshly extracted dental particulate used to graft post-extraction sockets in dogs, comparing new bone formation at experimental and control sites.

Materials And Methods: Bilateral premolars P2, P3, P4 and first mandibular molars were extracted atraumatically from six American Fox Hound dogs. The teeth were ground immediately using a 'Smart Dentin Grinder'.

Nutritional status and diet as predictors of children's lead concentrations in blood and urine.

Lead exposure remains an important public health problem. Contaminated foods may act as a source of lead exposure, while certain nutrients may reduce lead absorption. We examined the cross-sectional associations of dietary patterns and the intake of several nutrients and foods with blood (Pb-B) and urinary (Pb-U) lead concentrations in children (5-8y) from Montevideo, Uruguay.