Optimal timing of stabilization and operative technique for extremity fractures in polytrauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: In polytrauma patients, injuries involving the extremities are frequently seen. Treatment concepts vary from early definitive care to temporary fixation and delayed definite stabilization. This analysis therefor aims to illuminate the impact of timing for operative stabilization of extremity fractures on outcome factors in adult polytrauma patients.

Association of chronic stress during studies with depressive symptoms 10 years later.

The long-tern implications of stress during university for individuals' mental health are not well understood so far. Hence, we aimed to examine the potential effect of stress while studying at university on depression in later life. We analysed data from two waves of the longitudinal Study on Occupational Allergy Risks.

α-Synuclein fibrils enhance HIV-1 infection of human T cells, macrophages and microglia.

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and viral reservoirs in the brain remain a significant challenge. Despite their importance, the mechanisms allowing HIV-1 entry and replication in the central nervous system (CNS) are poorly understood. Here, we show that α-synuclein and (to a lesser extent) Aβ fibrils associated with neurological diseases enhance HIV-1 entry and replication in human T cells, macrophages, and microglia.

Disentangling the neural underpinnings of response inhibition in disruptive behavior and co-occurring ADHD.

While impaired response inhibition has been reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), findings in disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) have been inconsistent, probably due to unaccounted effects of co-occurring ADHD in DBD. This study investigated the associations of behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition with DBD and ADHD symptom severity, covarying for each other in a dimensional approach. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were available for 35 children and adolescents with DBDs (8-18 years old, 19 males), and 31 age-matched unaffected controls (18 males) while performing a performance-adjusted stop-signal task.

Sub-Microliter H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for In Vivo High-Spatial Resolution Metabolite Quantification in the Mouse Brain.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a non-invasive, repeatable, and reproducible method for in vivo metabolite profiling of the brain and other tissues. However, metabolite fingerprinting by MRS requires high signal-to-noise ratios for accurate metabolite quantification, which has traditionally been limited to large volumes of interest, compromising spatial fidelity. In this study, we introduce a new optimized pipeline that combines LASER MRS acquisition at 11.

New onset refractory status epilepticus: Long-term outcomes beyond seizures.

We propose and prioritize important outcome domains that should be considered for future research investigating long-term outcomes (LTO) after new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). The study was led by the international NORSE Institute LTO Working Group. First, literature describing the LTO of NORSE survivors was identified using a PubMed search and summarized to identify knowledge gaps.

Pancreatic cancer cell-intrinsic transglutaminase-2 promotes T cell suppression through microtubule-dependent secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is mostly refractory to immunotherapy due to immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and cancer cell-intrinsic T cell tolerance mechanisms. PDAC is described as a "cold" tumor type with poor infiltration by T cells and factors leading to intratumoral T cell suppression have thus received less attention. Here, we identify a cancer cell-intrinsic mechanism that contributes to a T cell-resistant phenotype and describes potential combinatorial therapy.

Video-based Informed Consent in Radiology - Acceptance, Satisfaction, and Effectiveness.

Before any medical procedure, including computed tomography (CT), it is crucial to ensure patients are fully informed about the risks and alternative options. Video-based informed consent offers an increased transfer of information in less time.In a monocentric, prospective, questionnaire-based study, video-based informed consent, which included a digital medical history form, was compared to the traditional paper-based consent form.

Disease characteristics and outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia in germline deficiency (Familial Platelet Disorder with associated Myeloid Malignancy).

Familial Platelet Disorder with associated Myeloid Malignancy (FPDMM, FPD/AML, -FPD), caused by monoallelic deleterious germline variants, is characterized by bleeding diathesis and predisposition for hematologic malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinical data on FPDMM-associated AML (FPDMM-AML) are limited, complicating evidence-based clinical decision-making. Here, we present retrospective genetic and clinical data of the largest cohort of FPDMM patients reported to date.

Ultrasmall α-MnO with Low Aspect Ratio: Applications to Electrochemical Multivalent-Ion Intercalation Hosts and Aerobic Oxidation Catalysts.

Hollandite-type α-MnO exhibits exceptional promise in current industrial applications and in advancing next-generation green energy technologies, such as multivalent (Mg, Ca, and Zn) ion battery cathodes and aerobic oxidation catalysts. Considering the slow diffusion of multivalent cations within α-MnO tunnels and the catalytic activity at edge surfaces, ultrasmall α-MnO particles with a lower aspect ratio are expected to unlock the full potential. In this study, ultrasmall α-MnO (<10 nm) with a low aspect ratio (c/a ≈ 2) is synthesized using a newly developed alcohol solution process.

Clinical Implications of Breast Cancer Intrinsic Subtypes.

Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancers have different genomic architecture and show large-scale gene expression differences consistent with different cellular origins, which is reflected in the luminal (i.e., ER+) versus basal-like (i.

Iron metabolism in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most prevalent type of primary liver cancer worldwide. p53 is one of the most frequently mutated tumor-suppressor genes in HCC and its deficiency in hepatocytes triggers tumor formation in mice. To investigate iron metabolism during liver carcinogenesis, we employed a model of chronic carbon tetrachloride injections in liver-specific p53-deficient mice to induce liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and subsequent carcinogenesis.

Endovascular management of haemorrhage and vascular lesions in patients with multiple and/or severe injuries: a systematic review and clinical practice guideline update.

Purpose: Our aim was to update evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for the inhospital endovascular management of haemorrhage and vascular lesions in patients with multiple and/or severe injuries based on current evidence. This guideline topic is part of the 2022 update of the German Guideline on the Treatment of Patients with Multiple and/or Severe Injuries.

Methods: MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched to June 2021.

Exploiting somatic oncogenic driver alterations in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome- paving the path towards precision medicine: a case report.

Background: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome characterized by a high familial incidence of various malignancies. It results from pathogenic/likely pathogenic heterozygous constitutional variants of the TP53 gene. Due to impaired DNA damage repair, conventional cytotoxic therapies or radiotherapy should be avoided whenever feasible to mitigate the high incidence of treatment-related secondary malignancies in these patients.

The FBXO45-GEF-H1 axis controls germinal center formation and B-cell lymphomagenesis.

The role of ubiquitin-mediated degradation mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) is not completely understood. We show that conditional deletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbxo45 in germinal center B-cells results in B-cell lymphomagenesis in homozygous (100%) and heterozygous (48%) mice. Mechanistically, FBXO45 targets the RHO guanine exchange factor ARHGEF2/GEF-H1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation.

Modelling the impact of environmental and social determinants on mental health using generative agents.

Mental health is shaped by socio-environmental determinants, yet traditional research approaches struggle to capture their complex interactions. This review explores the potential of generative agents, powered by large language models, to simulate human-like behaviour in virtual environments for mental health research. We outline potential applications including the modelling of adverse life events, urbanicity, climate change, discuss potential challenges and describe how generative agents could transform mental health research.

Self-referential belief shares common neural correlates with general belief.

Belief processing and self-referential processing have been consistently associated with cortical midline structures, and cortical regions such as the vmPFC have been implicated in general belief processing. The neural correlates of self-referential belief are yet to be investigated. In this fMRI study, we presented 120 statements with trait adjectives to N = 27 healthy participants, who subsequently judged whether they believed these trait adjectives applied to themselves, a close person, or a public person.

Floating-embedded stems reduce tibial stress shielding in total knee revision arthroplasty.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most common orthopaedic procedures and the number of patients which undergo TKA will continue to rise in the coming years. Consecutively, the number of necessary revision surgeries will increase. One of the main reasons for revision surgery is aseptic loosening because of a so-called stress-shielding effect.

Insights Into the Local Heating Effects in Triple-Cation Mixed-Halide Perovskite Cells: Charge Dynamics, Coherent Phonons, Anion Segregation.

The behavior of triple-cation mixed halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under ultrashort laser pulse irradiation at varying fluences is investigated, with a focus on local heating effects observed in femtosecond transient absorption (TA) studies. The carrier cooling time constant is found to increase from 230 fs at 2 µJ cm⁻ to 1.3 ps at 2 mJ cm⁻ while the charge population decay accelerates from tens of nanoseconds to the picosecond range within the same fluence range.

Oligoethylene Phosphoramidate-based Kinase Inhibitor Prodrugs - Solubility, Enzyme Inhibition, and Hydrolysis.

The efficiency of kinase inhibiting cancer therapeutics is often limited by their poor solubility in water. PEGylation is one possible strategy to improve the solubility of the drug, however, means to cleave these after reaching the target is important to make use of the therapeutic effects of the native drug. Moreover, the length of the PEG chains will have an effect on the solubility and binding.

Impact of myelodysplasia-related and additional gene mutations in intensively treated patients with -mutated AML.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the myelodysplasia-related gene (MRG) as well as additional gene mutations on outcomes in intensively treated patients with -mutated ( ) AML. Targeted DNA sequencing of 263 genes was performed in 568 AML patients (median age: 59 years) entered into the prospective AMLSG 09-09 treatment trial. Most commonly co-mutated genes were (49.

"Double-Use" Strategy for Improving the Photoelectrochemical Performance of BiVO Photoanodes Using a Cobalt-Functionalized Polyoxotungstate.

Doping and surface-modification are well-established strategies for the performance enhancement of bismuth vanadate (BiVO) photoanodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting devices. Herein, a "double-use" strategy for the development of high-performance BiVO photoanodes for solar water splitting is reported, where a molecular cobalt-phosphotungstate (CoPOM = Na[Co(HO)(PWO)]) is used both as a bulk doping agent as well as a surface-deposited water oxidation cocatalyst. The use of CoPOM for bulk doping of BiVO is shown to enhance the electrical conductivity and improve the charge separation efficiency, resulting in the enhancement of the maximum applied-bias photoconversion efficiency (ABPE) by a factor of ∼18 to 0.

Towards a comprehensive definition of the human fascial system.

The absence of a clear consensus on the definition and significance of fascia and the indiscriminate use of the term throughout the clinical and scientific literature has led to skepticism regarding its importance in the human body. To address this challenge, we propose that: (1) fasciae, and the fascial interstitia within them, constitute an anatomical system, defined as a layered body-wide multiscale network of connective tissue that allows tensional loading and shearing mobility along its interfaces; (2) the fascial system comprises four anatomical organs: the superficial fascia, musculoskeletal (deep) fascia, visceral fascia, and neural fascia; (3) these organs are further composed of anatomical structures, some of which are eponymous; (4) all these fascial organs and their structural components contain variable combinations and arrangements of the four classically defined tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural; (5) the overarching functions of the fascial system arise from the contrasting biomechanical properties of the two basic types of layers distributed throughout the system: one predominantly collagenous and relatively stiff, the other rich in hyaluronic acid and viscous, allowing for the free flow of fluid; (6) the topographical organization of these layers in different locations is related to local variations in function (e.g.

The impact of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer: an international multicenter study.

Purpose: To assess the association between neoadjuvant therapy and overall survival (OS) in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) compared to upfront surgery.

Background: Left-sided pancreatic cancer is associated with worse OS compared to right-sided pancreatic cancer. Although neoadjuvant therapy is currently seen as not effective in patients with RPC, current randomized trials included mostly patients with right-sided RPC.