Polygenic risk for neuroticism is associated with externalizing symptoms in 2-year-old boys.

Recent advances in genome-wide association studies have enabled the estimation of genetic risk of complex traits, including neuroticism, with polygenic risk scores (PRS). Neuroticism PRS has been associated with psychiatric disorders and symptoms in adults, but studies in children are scarce. We studied whether neuroticism PRS, and its subscales, worry PRS and depressive affect PRS, were associated with externalizing and internalizing symptoms in 2-year-olds.

Unpredictable maternal sensory signals in caregiving behavior are associated with child effortful control.

Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to unpredictable patterns of maternal sensory signals during infancy is associated with child neurodevelopment, including poorer effortful control. However, longitudinal effects on child development and possible sex differences are understudied. The aims of the present study were to explore whether exposure to unpredictable maternal sensory signals during infancy is related to child effortful control at 5 years of age and whether child sex moderates these associations.

The Connection and Development of Unpredictability and Sensitivity in Maternal Care Across Early Childhood.

Both patterns of maternal sensory signals and sensitive care have shown to be crucial elements shaping child development. However, research concerning these aspects of maternal care has focused mainly on maternal sensitivity with fewer studies evaluating the impact of patterns of maternal behaviors and changes in these indices across infancy and childhood. The aims of this study were to explore how maternal unpredictability of sensory signals and sensitivity develop and associate with each other from infancy to toddlerhood and whether elevated maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms relate to maternal unpredictable signals and sensitivity in toddlerhood.

Maternal Anxiety Symptoms and Self-Regulation Capacity Are Associated With the Unpredictability of Maternal Sensory Signals in Caregiving Behavior.

The unpredictability of maternal sensory signals in caregiving behavior has been recently found to be linked with infant neurodevelopment. The research area is new, and very little is yet known, how maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms and specific parental characteristics relate to the unpredictable maternal care. The aims of the current study were to explore how pre- and postnatal maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms and self-regulation capacity associate with the unpredictability of maternal sensory signals.

Cost-effectiveness of anorexia nervosa in QALYs.

Background: The costs of treating eating disorders are often considered high.

Aims: The objective was to perform a cost-utility analysis to estimate the cost-effectiveness of treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN).

Methods: Thirty-nine patients entering treatment of AN completed the 15D health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) questionnaire before and 2 years after the start of treatment.

Long-term health-related quality of life in eating disorders.

Objective: There is limited evidence on the long-term development of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in eating disorders and its relation to eating disorder symptoms. Our objective was to measure long-term change in the HRQoL of eating disorder patients and compare it to normal population.

Methods: Fifty-four bulimia nervosa (BN) and forty-seven anorexia nervosa (AN) patients (ICD-10 diagnosis) entering treatment completed the 15D HRQoL questionnaire and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) before and approximately 8 years after the start of treatment.

The relative patient costs and availability of dental services, materials and equipment in public oral care facilities in Tanzania.

Background: Patient charges and availability of dental services influence utilization of dental services. There is little available information on the cost of dental services and availability of materials and equipment in public dental facilities in Africa. This study aimed to determine the relative cost and availability of dental services, materials and equipment in public oral care facilities in Tanzania.

Educational benefits of Internet and computer-based programmes for prostate cancer patients: a systematic review.

Objective: This study aims to review systematically the available literature on Internet and computer-based patient education programmes, assess the quality of these studies and analyze the benefit of these programmes for prostate cancer patients.

Methods: Complete databases were searched. Studies were included if they concerned patient education of prostate cancer patients, were qualitative or quantitative and examined Internet or interactive CD-ROM use.

Underaged patients' opinions toward different containment measures: a questionnaire survey in Finnish adolescent psychiatry.

Problem: The current literature does not provide an understanding of adolescent patients' opinions toward various containment measures and how these are related to the opinions of the staff who are caring for them.

Methods: The study population comprised 81 inpatients and 128 staff members in an inpatient setting in Finland. Their opinions were studied using the Attitude to Containment Measures Questionnaire.

Attitudes towards different containment measures: a questionnaire survey in Finnish adolescent psychiatry.

Use of containment measures in the treatment of underage patients is controversial, and empirical evidence about which containment methods are preferred is lacking. This study aimed to investigate attitudes of staff towards various containment measures in the field of adolescent psychiatry. The sample comprised 128 Finnish nurses and doctors working in closed wards with 13- to 17-year-old patients.