Anterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow: a possible etiology of primary osteoarthritis.

Background: The purpose of this study is to describe anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI) as a possible etiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the elbow.

Methods: We examined 76 fresh frozen cadaveric elbows (male:female, 56:20; mean age, 81 years) for patterns of cartilage erosion that could be due to ALRI. These included erosions on the lateral trochlear ridge (LTR) lesion, crescent rim of the radial head (RC) lesion or the ventral capitellum (VC) lesion.

A Predictive Model Based on Quantitative Fecal Immunochemical Test Can Stratify the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Organized Screening Program.

Background & Aims: A significant number of post fecal immunochemical test (FIT) colonoscopies in European-organized colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs are performed beyond the recommended 31-day threshold due to overburdened colonoscopy services. We aimed to develop a simple predictive model to stratify CRC risk of FIT+ patients.

Methods: In a cohort of screenees undergoing colonoscopy following a positive (≥20 μg hemoglobin/g feces) OC-sensor FIT result between 2004 and 2019, we derived and validated logistic regression-based models including variables independently associated with CRC and advanced neoplasms.

Oncometabolites at the crossroads of genetic, epigenetic and ecological alterations in cancer.

By the time a tumor reaches clinical detectability, it contains around 10-10 cells. However, during tumor formation, significant cell loss occurs due to cell death. In some estimates, it could take up to a thousand cell generations, over a ~ 20-year life-span of a tumor, to reach clinical detectability, which would correspond to a "theoretical" generation of ~10 cells.

The impact of patients' pre-treatment expectations on immunosuppressive treatment outcomes in myasthenia gravis: A pilot correlational study.

Introduction/aims: The impact of treatment expectations on active treatment outcomes has not been specifically investigated in neuromuscular disorders. We thus explored in myasthenia gravis (MG) the contribution of patients' pre-treatment expectations combined with an immunosuppressant drug on treatment outcomes.

Methods: This pilot correlational study involved 17 patients with generalized MG, scheduled to start immunosuppressant azathioprine.

Italian S3-Guideline on the treatment of Atopic Eczema - Part 2: non-systemic treatments and treatment recommendations for special AE patient populations, adapted from EuroGuiDerm by the Italian Society of Dermatology and STD (SIDEMAST), the Italian Association of Hospital Dermatologists (ADOI) and the Italian Society of Allergological and Occupational Dermatology (SIDAPA).

SIDeMaST (Società Italiana di Dermatologia Medica, Chirurgica, Estetica e delle Malattie Sessualmente Trasmesse) contributed to the development of the present guideline on the systemic treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. With the permission of EuroGuiDerm, SIDeMaST adapted the guideline to the Italian healthcare context to supply a reliable and affordable tool to Italian physicians who take care of patients affected by atopic dermatitis. The evidence- and consensus-based guideline on atopic eczema was developed in accordance with the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual.

Treatment of patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer after progression to encorafenib and cetuximab: data from a real-world nationwide dataset.

Background: Targeted therapy (TT) with encorafenib and cetuximab is the current standard for patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who received one or more prior systemic treatments. However, the median progression-free survival (mPFS) is ∼4 months, and little is known about the possibility of administering subsequent therapies, their efficacy, and clinicopathological determinants of outcome.

Methods: A real-world dataset including patients with BRAF-mutated mCRC treated with TT at 21 Italian centers was retrospectively interrogated.

Citrullination profile analysis reveals peptidylarginine deaminase 3 as an HSV-1 target to dampen the activity of candidate antiviral restriction factors.

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus that remains latent in neuronal cell bodies but reactivates throughout an individual's life, causing severe adverse reactions, such as herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). Recently, it has also been implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The absence of an effective vaccine and the emergence of numerous drug-resistant variants have called for the development of new antiviral agents that can tackle HSV-1 infection.

A retrospective observational study on cutaneous adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Cutaneous adverse events (CAEs) related to oncological therapies are a common scenario in daily clinical practice.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study collecting the data regarding CAEs of patients treated with immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) in four different Italian centers.

Results: Of 323 patients included, 305 were evaluable for this analysis; 182 patients (59.

Dabrafenib plus trametinib versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy as adjuvant therapy in V600-mutant stage III melanoma after definitive surgery: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Background: Both dabrafenib/trametinib (D/T) and anti-PD-1 monotherapy (PD-1) are approved adjuvant therapies for patients with stage III V600-mutant melanoma. However, there is still a lack of head-to-head comparative data. We aimed to describe efficacy and toxicity outcomes for these two standard therapies across melanoma centers.

Creating Placebo Nonresponders in the Lab.

Conditioning and expectation are known to be the main mechanisms of placebo analgesia. They may operate together, so that expectations may be enhanced by a conditioning procedure. Although most of the studies have tried to potentiate expectations through conditioning in order to generate good placebo responders, a few studies have tried to mismatch conditioning and expectations in order to investigate the subsequent administration of a placebo.

Exploring the role of epigenetic alterations and non-coding RNAs in melanoma pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.

Melanoma is a rare but highly lethal type of skin cancer whose incidence is increasing globally. Melanoma is characterized by high resistance to therapy and relapse. Despite significant advances in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, many patients experience progression due to resistance mechanisms.

Placebo and nocebo responses in painful diabetic neuropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

This preregistered (CRD42021223379) systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to characterize the placebo and nocebo responses in placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), updating the previous literature by a decade. Four databases were searched for PDN trials published in the past 20 years, testing oral medications, adopting a parallel-group design. Magnitude of placebo or nocebo responses, Cochrane risk of bias, heterogeneity, and moderators were evaluated.

MicroRNA 483-3p overexpression unleashes invasive growth of metastatic colorectal cancer via NDRG1 downregulation and ensuing activation of the ERBB3/AKT axis.

In colorectal cancer, the mechanisms underlying tumor aggressiveness require further elucidation. Taking advantage of a large panel of human metastatic colorectal cancer xenografts and matched stem-like cell cultures (m-colospheres), here we show that the overexpression of microRNA 483-3p (miRNA-483-3p; also known as MIR-483-3p), encoded by a frequently amplified gene locus, confers an aggressive phenotype. In m-colospheres, endogenous or ectopic miRNA-483-3p overexpression increased proliferative response, invasiveness, stem cell frequency, and resistance to differentiation.

Liquid Biopsy of Cerebrospinal Fluid Enables Selective Profiling of Glioma Molecular Subtypes at First Clinical Presentation.

Purpose: Current glioma diagnostic guidelines call for molecular profiling to stratify patients into prognostic and treatment subgroups. In case the tumor tissue is inaccessible, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been proposed as a reliable tumor DNA source for liquid biopsy. We prospectively investigated the use of CSF for molecular characterization of newly diagnosed gliomas.

Italian Real-Life Experience on the Use of Mogamulizumab in Patients with Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas.

Mycosis fungoides and Sèzary syndrome are the most studied subtypes common cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. The current treatment objective is to improve the clinical manifestations of the disease in the affected areas, to relieve symptoms and to halt disease progression. Patients with early-stage mycosis fungoides are usually managed with skin-directed therapies, whereas patients with resistant or advanced-stage mycosis fungoides or Sèzary syndrome often require systemic drugs.