21,989 results match your criteria: "University of Tubingen.[Affiliation]"

Advanced aspects of acetogens.

Bioresour Technol

December 2024

Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Prokaryotes, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. Electronic address:

Acetogens are a diverse group of anaerobic bacteria that are capable of carbon dioxide fixation and have for long fascinated scientists due to their unique metabolic prowess. Historically, acetogens have been recognized for their remarkable ability to grow and to produce acetate from different one-carbon sources, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, formate, methanol, and methylated organic compounds. The key metabolic pathway in acetogens responsible for converting these one-carbon sources is ́the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway.

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Transitioning into and out of dormancy is a crucial survival strategy for many organisms. In unicellular cyanobacteria, surviving nitrogen-starved conditions involves tuning down their metabolism and reactivating it once nitrogen becomes available. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway, plays a key role in this process.

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Binding multiple sites within proteins with bivalent compounds is a strategy for developing uniquely active agents. A new class of dual-site inhibitors has emerged targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) anchored to both the orthosteric (ATP) and allosteric sites. Despite proof-of-concept successes, enabling selectivity against oncogenic activating mutations has not been achieved and classifying these inhibitors among kinase inhibitors remains underexplored.

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Article Synopsis
  • * An analysis of 1,192 participants revealed elevated sACE2 activity following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, especially in children, indicating a significant response regardless of infection status.
  • * The research suggests that increased sACE2 activity could help manage SARS-CoV-2 infections, proposing a more nuanced understanding of immune responses beyond traditional infection classifications.
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The slowing and reduction of auditory responses in the brain are recognized side effects of increased pure tone thresholds, impaired speech recognition, and aging. However, it remains controversial whether central slowing is primarily linked to brain processes as atrophy, or is also associated with the slowing of temporal neural processing from the periphery. Here we analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) responses that most likely reflect medial geniculate body (MGB) responses to passive listening of phonemes in 80 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 76 years, in whom the peripheral auditory responses had been analyzed in detail (Schirmer et al.

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Patient-Relevant Digital-Motor Outcomes for Clinical Trials in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 7: A Multicenter PROSPAX Study.

Neurology

December 2024

Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (L.B., A.T., D.M., M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.B., A.T., D.M., K.D.-J., M.S., R.S.), University of Tübingen; Section Computational Sensomotorics (J.S., W.I.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research; Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN) (J.S., W.I.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.K.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (K.D.-J., R.S.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Molecular Medicine (I.R., S.S.), IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Koç University (N.A.B.), Translational Medicine Research Center, KUTTAM-NDAL, Istanbul, Turkey; Sorbonne Université (G.C.), Paris Brain Institute, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, France; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les maladies neuromusculaires (GRIMN) (C.G.), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean; Centre de recherche du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (C.G.); Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé (C.G.), Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on identifying valid digital-motor outcome measures using wearable sensors for spastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7), a common spastic ataxia, aiming to reflect health aspects relevant to patients in early disease stages and suitable for multicenter trials.
  • Gait analysis was performed in 65 SPG7 patients and 50 healthy controls, where 18 out of 30 analyzed gait measures effectively discriminated between the two groups, even in mild disease stages.
  • Key findings highlighted that specific spatiotemporal variability measures strongly correlate with functional mobility and overall disease severity, indicating their potential as sensitive outcome measures for future trials.
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Relevance of Prostatic Fluid on the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient: An Inversion Recovery Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Investigation.

Invest Radiol

December 2024

From the Institute of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (D.S., S.B., M.B., R.J., M.M., F.G., D.H., M.U., F.B.L.); Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.M.); Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.A.K.); Institute of Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (M.Z.); and Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (M.Z.).

Objectives: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is pivotal for prostate magnetic resonance imaging. This is rooted in the generally reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) observed in prostate cancer in comparison to healthy prostate tissue. This difference originates from microstructural tissue composition changes, including a potentially decreased fluid-containing lumen volume.

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Functional screening reveals genetic dependencies and diverging cell cycle control in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors.

Genome Biol

December 2024

Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.

Background: Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) are incurable high-grade pediatric brain tumors. Despite intensive research efforts, the prognosis for ATRT patients under currently established treatment protocols is poor. While novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed, the generation of molecular-driven treatment concepts is a challenge mainly due to the absence of actionable genetic alterations.

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Violation of auditory regularities is reflected in pupil dynamics.

Cortex

November 2024

Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Experimental Cognitive Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address:

The brain builds and maintains internal models and uses them to make predictions. When predictions are violated, the current model can either be updated or replaced by a new model. The latter is accompanied by pupil dilation responses (PDRs) related to locus coeruleus activity/norepinephrine release (LC-NE).

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Animating insights into the biosynthesis of glycopeptide antibiotics.

Curr Opin Microbiol

December 2024

Translational Genome Mining for Natural Products, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Interfaculty Institute for Biomedical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address:

The realm of natural product (NP) research is constantly expanding, with diverse applications in both medicine and industry. In this interdisciplinary field, scientists collaborate to investigate various aspects of NPs, including understanding the mode of action of these compounds, unraveling their biosynthetic pathways, studying evolutionary aspects, and biochemically characterizing the enzymes involved. However, this collaboration can be challenging as all parties involved come from very different backgrounds (such as microbiology, synthetic chemistry, biochemistry, or bioinformatics) and may not use the same terminology.

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Recent research in patients with functionally univentricular hearts (UVH) is focusing on pathologies of the lymphatic vessels. Morphology of the abdominal lymphatic vessels was analyzed by MRI in patients with UVH following total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) and it was examined, if clinical and laboratory parameters correlate with changes after TCPC. We prospectively examined 33 patients at the age of 19.

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Historical plague pandemics: perspectives from ancient DNA.

Trends Microbiol

January 2025

Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address:

Ancient DNA research has provided important insights into the evolutionary history of Yersinia pestis during the historical plague pandemics. Future work should prioritise a more diversified approach to sampling, to ensure a broader understanding of the factors underlying pandemic onset, spread, and impact across different regions and hosts.

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Bringing objects from peripheral locations to fovea via saccades facilitates their recognition. Human observers integrate pre- and post-saccadic information for recognition. This integration has only been investigated using instructed saccades to prescribed locations.

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Aims: Central insulin has been shown to regulate eating behavior and cognitive processes in a sex-specific manner. Besides memory, the hippocampus is pivotal in the control of appetite. However, how insulin interacts with the hippocampal food cue response and the role of sex hormones in this context remain unclear.

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In recent years, nanoflow sheath liquid (nanoSL) interfaces have been used more commonly for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) coupling due to their high sensitivity combined with flexibility in CE separation conditions. So far, the exact amount of sheath liquid (SL) and, thus, the dilution effect remain unknown due to the self-supplying type of the nanoSL interfaces. To quantify the SL flow rates, we present here an approach for the determination of the flow rate based on isotopically labeled standards using the nanoCEasy interface.

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Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD)-modifying therapies are approved for treatment of early-symptomatic AD. Autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) provides a unique opportunity to test therapies in presymptomatic individuals.

Methods: Using data from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), sample sizes for clinical trials were estimated for various cognitive, imaging, and CSF outcomes.

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Mutations in mitochondrial gene and disease, lessons from models.

Front Neurosci

November 2024

Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • Pathogenic variants in a specific gene cluster are linked to various neurodevelopmental disorders, presenting symptoms such as developmental delays, low muscle tone, and heart issues.
  • This gene codes for a mitochondrial ATPase, which plays an unclear role in mitochondrial diseases commonly seen in children.
  • Mouse models with both loss-of-function and overexpression of pathogenic variants have helped researchers explore the gene's function and understand the related diseases better.
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Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) is a common and inexpensive histopathology assay. Though widely used and information-rich, it cannot directly inform about specific molecular markers, which require additional experiments to assess. To address this gap, we present a deep-learning framework that computationally imputes the expression and localization of dozens of proteins from H&E images.

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CNV-Finder: Streamlining Copy Number Variation Discovery.

bioRxiv

November 2024

Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Copy Number Variations (CNVs) are crucial in understanding complex diseases and vary across different populations, necessitating large sample studies for accurate analysis.
  • The CNV-Finder pipeline utilizes deep learning, specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, to streamline the identification of CNVs in specific genomic areas, making subsequent analyses like genome sequencing more efficient.
  • The tool has been validated with data from various cohorts, focusing on genes related to neurological diseases, and includes an interactive web application for researchers to visualize and refine their findings based on model predictions.
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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease with few therapeutic options. To narrow the translational gap in the development of pharmacological MASH treatments, a 3D liver model from primary human hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells derived from patients with histologically confirmed MASH was established. The model closely mirrors disease-relevant endpoints, such as steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, and multi-omics analyses show excellent alignment with biopsy data from 306 MASH patients and 77 controls.

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Scientific discoveries often hinge on synthesizing decades of research, a task that potentially outstrips human information processing capacities. Large language models (LLMs) offer a solution. LLMs trained on the vast scientific literature could potentially integrate noisy yet interrelated findings to forecast novel results better than human experts.

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Article Synopsis
  • Anxiety disorders are common and typically treated with cognitive behavioral therapy and medication, but some patients don’t respond well to these methods.
  • A clinical trial involving 76 individuals with acrophobia tested the effectiveness of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) combined with virtual reality exposure therapy, finding a significant reduction in phobic symptoms.
  • However, the study concluded that iTBS did not provide additional benefits over a placebo version, suggesting the need for more personalized TMS approaches and further research to optimize treatment.
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Young rat microbiota extracts strongly inhibit fibrillation of α-synuclein and protect neuroblastoma cells and zebrafish against α-synuclein toxicity.

Mol Cells

November 2024

Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus Centrum, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus Centrum, Denmark. Electronic address:

The clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) are driven by aggregation of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) in the brain. However, there is increasing evidence that PD may be initiated in the gut and thence spread to the brain, eg, via the vagus nerve. Many studies link PD to changes in the gut microbiome, and bacterial amyloid has been shown to stimulate α-Syn aggregation.

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Intact protein barcoding enables one-shot identification of CRISPRi strains and their metabolic state.

Cell Rep Methods

December 2024

Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address:

Detecting strain-specific barcodes with mass spectrometry can facilitate the screening of genetically engineered bacterial libraries. Here, we introduce intact protein barcoding, a method to measure protein-based library barcodes and metabolites using flow injection mass spectrometry (FI-MS). Protein barcodes are based on ubiquitin with N-terminal tags of six amino acids.

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Attention-aware semantic relevance predicting Chinese sentence reading.

Cognition

February 2025

College of Foreign Languages and Literature, Fudan University, China.

In recent years, several influential computational models and metrics have been proposed to predict how humans comprehend and process sentence. One particularly promising approach is contextual semantic similarity. Inspired by the attention algorithm in Transformer and human memory mechanisms, this study proposes an "attention-aware" approach for computing contextual semantic relevance.

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