Features of internal absorbed dose microdistribution in biological tissue irradiated by 31SiO2 microparticles compared with dose microdistribution from exposure to 56MnO2 particles.

Radiobiological studies are ongoing to understand the consequences of internal exposure to neutron-activated radioactive microparticles, which were sprayed over experimental rats and mice. Special attention in these experiments is given to internal irradiation with radioactive microparticles with short-lived neutron-activated radionuclides 31Si (T1/2 = 2.62 h) and 56Mn (T1/2 = 2.

Optically Pumped and Electrically Switchable Microlaser Array Based on Elliptic Deformation and Q-Attenuation of Organic Droplet Oscillators.

Conventional laser panel displays are developed through the mass integration of electrically pumped lasers or through the incorporation of a beam steering system with an array of optically pumped lasers. Here a novel configuration of a laser panel display consisting of a non-steered pumping beam and an array of electrically Q-switchable lasers is reported. The laser oscillator consists of a robust, self-standing, and deformable minute droplet that emits laser through Whispering-Gallery Mode resonance when optically pumped.

Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activities of novel hydrazone derivatives downregulation of interleukin-6.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity worldwide. Sorafenib is a first-line drug for the treatment of HCC, however, it is reported to cause serious adverse effects and may lead to resistance in many patients. In this study, 20 hydrazone derivatives incorporating triazoles, pyrazolone, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, imidazoline, quinazoline, and oxadiazine moieties were designed, synthesized, and characterized.

Bis(methylene)-λ-phosphane anions.

Bis(methylene)-λ-phosphane anions, , anionic phosphorus-centered heteroallene-type molecules, were obtained from the desilylation of a bis(silyl)methyl-substituted phosphaalkene. Their molecular structures, which were determined using spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, suggest that the central di-coordinated P atom is engaged in cumulative C[double bond, length as m-dash]P[double bond, length as m-dash]C π-bonds with the neighboring C atoms. The π-bond character of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]P[double bond, length as m-dash]C moieties was examined on the basis of the experimental results in combination with theoretical calculations; the results obtained suggest that multiple silyl substitutions at the C atom weaken the C[double bond, length as m-dash]P π-bonding character.

Lateral nanoarchitectonics from nano to life: ongoing challenges in interfacial chemical science.

Lateral nanoarchitectonics is a method of precisely designing functional materials from atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials (so-called nanounits) in two-dimensional (2D) space using knowledge of nanotechnology. Similar strategies can be seen in biological systems; in particular, biological membranes ingeniously arrange and organise functional units within a single layer of units to create powerful systems for photosynthesis or signal transduction and others. When our major lateral nanoarchitectural approaches such as layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films are compared with biological membranes, one finds that lateral nanoarchitectonics has potential to become a powerful tool for designing advanced functional nanoscale systems; however, it is still rather not well-developed with a great deal of unexplored possibilities.

Multidimensional Benefits of a Tailored Exercise Program in Preventing Frailty: A Community-Based Approach.

Background/objective: Frailty is a significant health concern in the aging population, particularly in Japan's super-aging society. Community-based interventions show promise in frailty prevention; however, their effectiveness requires further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a continuous municipal rehabilitation program on frailty status and physical function in older adults living in suburban Japan.

Strain-affected ferroelastic domain walls in RbMnFe charge-transfer materials undergoing collective Jahn-Teller distortion.

Many rubidium manganese hexacyanoferrate materials, with the general formula Rb Mn[Fe(CN)]·HO, exhibit diverse charge-transfer-based functionalities due to the bistability between a high temperature Mn( = 5/2)Fe( = 1/2) cubic phase and a low-temperature Mn( = 2)Fe( = 0) tetragonal phase. The collective Jahn-Teller distortion on the Mn sites is responsible for the cubic-to-tetragonal ferroelastic phase transition, which is associated with the appearance of ferroelastic domains. In this study, we use X-ray diffraction to reveal the coexistence of 3 types of ferroelastic tetragonal domains and estimate the spatial extension of the strain around the domain walls, which represents about 30% of the volume of the crystal.

Acceptance characterization of electron detector in SEM using stainless steel sphere.

Although modern scanning electron microscope (SEM) possess several electron detectors, it is not clear what kind of information is contained in a SEM image taken by a certain detector. Especially the detectors installed in the objective lens are difficult to know their characters. Thus, we propose a simple method to assess the acceptance of electron detector using a stainless-steel sphere.

Electrospun EVOH/AST-120 hybrid nanofiber membranes for removal of indoxyl sulfate from blood.

Nanofibers containing activated carbon using poly(ethylene--vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) were prepared to remove indoxyl sulfate (IS) from the blood. IS is a urinary toxin that is highly toxic and triggers the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, nanofibers containing activated carbon (AST-120), which has been used practically as an adsorbent for indole (a precursor of IS), were fabricated electrospinning for the adsorption and removal of IS from the blood.

Network topology diversification of porous organic salts.

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are porous organic materials constructed hydrogen bonds. HOFs have solubility in specific high-polar organic solvents. Therefore, HOFs can be returned to their components and can be reconstructed, which indicates their high recyclability.

SHG-active luminescent thermometers based on chiral cyclometalated dicyanidoiridate(iii) complexes.

Multifunctional optical materials can be realized by combining stimuli-responsive photoluminescence (PL), , optical thermometry, with non-linear optical (NLO) effects, such as second-harmonic generation (SHG). We report a novel approach towards SHG-active luminescent thermometers achieved by constructing unique iridium(iii) complexes, -[Ir(CN)(,-pinppy)] (,-pinppy = (,)-2-phenyl-4,5-pinenopyridine), bearing both a chiral 2-phenylpyridine derivative and cyanido ligands, the latter enabling the formation of a series of molecular materials: (TBA)[Ir(CN)(,-pinppy)]·2MeCN (1) (TBA = tetrabutylammonium) and (Bu-DABCO)[Ir(CN)(,-pinppy)](i)·MeCN (2) (Bu-DABCO = 1-(-butyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.

Giant adiabatic temperature change and its direct measurement of a barocaloric effect in a charge-transfer solid.

Solid refrigerants exhibiting a caloric effect upon applying external stimuli are receiving attention as one of the next-generation refrigeration technologies. Herein, we report a new inorganic refrigerant, rubidium cyano-bridged manganese-iron-cobalt ternary metal assembly (cyano-RbMnFeCo). Cyano-RbMnFeCo shows a reversible barocaloric effect with large reversible adiabatic temperature changes of 74 K (from 57 °C to -17 °C) at 340 MPa, and 85 K (from 88 °C to 3 °C) at 560 MPa.

Design of electron-donating group substituted 2-PAM analogs as antidotes for organophosphate insecticide poisoning.

The use of organophosphate (OPs) pesticides is widespread in agriculture and horticulture, but these chemicals can be lethal to humans, causing fatalities and deaths each year. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by OPs leads to the overstimulation of cholinergic receptors, ultimately resulting in respiratory arrest, seizures, and death. Although 2-pralidoxime (2-PAM) is the FDA-approved drug for treating OP poisoning, there is difficulty in blood-brain barrier permeation.

New insights into the oxidation process from neutron and X-ray crystal structures of an O-sensitive [NiFe]-hydrogenase.

[NiFe]-hydrogenase from Miyazaki F is an O-sensitive enzyme that is inactivated in the presence of O but the oxidized enzyme can recover its catalytic activity by reacting with H under anaerobic conditions. Here, we report the first neutron structure of [NiFe]-hydrogenase in its oxidized state, determined at a resolution of 2.20 Å.

Improved supercapacitor performances by adding carbonized C-based nanospheres to PVA/TEMPO-cellulose hydrogel-based electrolyte.

With the emergence of the energy crisis and the development of flexible electronics, there is an urgent need to develop new reliable energy supply devices with good flexibility, stable energy storage, and efficient energy transfer. Porous carbon materials have been proven to enhance the efficiency of ion transport, as the nanospaces within them serve as pathways for mass transport. However, they have been mainly investigated in the electrodes of supercapacitors and batteries.

Reversible adsorption of iridium in lyophilized cells of the unicellular red alga .

Iridium (Ir) is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust and is valuable in industry due to its high corrosion resistance. In this study, we used lyophilized cells of a unicellular red alga, for the selective recovery of small amounts of Ir from hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions. The Ir recovery efficiency of the lyophilized cells was higher than that of activated carbon and comparable to that of an ion-exchange resin in up to 0.

1,10-Phenanthroline-based periodic mesoporous organosilica: from its synthesis to its application in the cobalt-catalyzed alkyne hydrosilylation.

1,10-Phenanthroline (Phen) is a typical ligand for metal complexation and various metal/Phen complexes have been applied as a catalyst in several organic transformations. This study reports the synthesis of a Phen-based periodic mesoporous organosilica (Phen-PMO) with the Phen moieties being directly incorporated into the organosilica framework. The Phen-PMO precursor, 3,8-bis[(triisopropoxysilyl)methyl]-1,10-phenanthroline (1a), was prepared the Kumada-Tamao-Corriu cross-coupling of 3,8-dibromo-1,10-phenanthroline and [(triisopropoxysilyl)methyl]magnesium chloride.

Nanoporous Hollow Carbon Spheres Derived from Fullerene Assembly as Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

The energy storage performances of supercapacitors are expected to be enhanced by the use of nanostructured hierarchically micro/mesoporous hollow carbon materials based on their ultra-high specific surface areas and rapid diffusion of electrolyte ions through the interconnected channels of their mesoporous structures. In this work, we report the electrochemical supercapacitance properties of hollow carbon spheres prepared by high-temperature carbonization of self-assembled fullerene-ethylenediamine hollow spheres (FE-HS). FE-HS, having an average external diameter of 290 nm, an internal diameter of 65 nm, and a wall thickness of 225 nm, were prepared by using the dynamic liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation (DLLIP) method at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure.

Tuning oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene for supercapacitors with high stability.

To investigate the relationship between the oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene and the stability of supercapacitors, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) containing different oxygenic functional groups was prepared by varying the reduction time of GO using hydrazine as the reducing agent. TEM, XRD, Raman, and XPS characterizations revealed that, as the reduction time increased, the sp structure in the rGO sheet was restored and the obtained rGO had good crystallinity accompanied by removal of the oxygenic functional groups. The analysis of the content of the different functional groups also suggested that the reduction rate of the oxygenic functional group was C-O > C[double bond, length as m-dash]O > O-C[double bond, length as m-dash]O.

Antioxidative Self-Assembling Nanoparticles Attenuate the Development of Steatohepatitis and Inhibit Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice.

Oxidative stress (OS) contributes to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocarcinogenesis. We investigated whether antioxidative self-assembling nanoparticles (SMAPoTN) could reduce the development of NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in p62/Sqstm1 and Nrf2 double knockout (DKO) mice and studied protective mechanisms. We measured disease development in male DKO mice fed a normal chow (NASH model) or a 60% high-fat diet (HFD; HCC model) with or without SMAPoTN administration for 26 weeks.