176 results match your criteria: "University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences.[Affiliation]"

Increased structural covariance of cortical measures in individuals with an at-risk mental state.

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry

November 2024

Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama city, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama city, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.

An anomalous pattern of structural covariance has been reported in schizophrenia, which has been suggested to represent connectome changes during brain maturation and neuroprogressive processes. It remains unclear whether similar differences exist in a clinical high-risk state for psychosis, and if they are associated with a prodromal phenotype and/or later psychosis onset. This multicenter magnetic resonance imaging study cross-sectionally examined structural covariance in a large at-risk mental state (ARMS) sample with different outcomes.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the link between rare copy number variations (CNVs) in synaptic genes and bipolar disorder (BD) in a Japanese population, using genome hybridization techniques on nearly 2,000 BD patients and 2,760 controls.
  • - Results indicate a strong association between the RNF216 gene and BD, with significant findings also related to postsynaptic membrane components, suggesting these genetic factors contribute to BD risk.
  • - The findings enhance understanding of BD's genetic underpinnings, highlighting the importance of CNVs in gene regions that may influence the disorder's development.
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Aims: The current range of labeling terms-at-risk mental state (ARMS), ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR), and attenuated psychotic syndrome (APS)-used to refer to the psychosis-risk concept is varied, and their acceptability and potential stigma are not well understood. By involving Italian youth with lived experience of mental ill-health, we aimed to generate new labeling terms for psychosis-risk, and to evaluate literacy, attitudes, and preferences regarding these and the existing terms. Additionally, we investigated opinions of disclosure of the at-risk concept in clinical practice.

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Age-related changes in EEG signal using triple correlation values.

Front Hum Neurosci

September 2024

Brain Functions Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

The alpha rhythm in human electroencephalography (EEG) is known to decrease in frequency with age. Previous study has shown that elderly individuals with dementia exhibit higher S values (spatial variability) and SD values (temporal variability) in the triple correlation of the occipital region (P3, P4, Oz) compared to healthy elderly individuals. The objective of this research is to examine changes in S and SD values of the alpha band with aging in healthy individuals using triple correlation values from the frontal region.

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Introduction: The findings of epidemiological studies suggest that a relationship exists between the risk of schizophrenia and winter births in the Northern Hemisphere, which may affect the process of fetal neurodevelopment. However, it remains unclear whether birth seasons are associated with the brain morphological characteristics of patients within the schizophrenia spectrum.

Methods: The present magnetic resonance imaging study using FreeSurfer software examined the effects of birth seasons (i.

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Introduction: Membrane phospholipid abnormalities are considered a pathophysiological background for schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to explore in detail the fatty acid (FA) composition in patients with antipsychotic-free schizophrenia and its association with clinical symptoms and cognitive function.

Materials And Methods: Erythrocyte membrane FAs were measured in 29 antipsychotic-free patients with schizophrenia (male/female = 11/18; mean [standard deviation] age=26.

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Nomenclature for psychosis risk in Japan: Survey results from high-risk individuals, caregivers, and mental health professionals.

Schizophr Res

May 2024

Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen Specialist Program, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Background: Labeling terms for high-risk state for psychosis, such as 'ultra-high risk' (UHR), 'attenuated psychosis syndrome' (APS), and 'at-risk mental state' (ARMS), have been criticized for their potential to lead to stigma. Hence, mental health service users in Melbourne recently proposed new terms illustrating the at-risk concept ['pre-diagnosis stage' (PDS), 'potential of developing a mental illness' (PDMI), and 'disposition for developing a mental illness' (DDMI)]. We aimed at testing the suitability of these existing and new terms in the clinical settings of early psychiatric intervention in Japan.

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Machine learning approaches using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) can be informative for disease classification, although their ability to predict psychosis is largely unknown. We created a model with individuals at CHR who developed psychosis later (CHR-PS+) from healthy controls (HCs) that can differentiate each other. We also evaluated whether we could distinguish CHR-PS+ individuals from those who did not develop psychosis later (CHR-PS-) and those with uncertain follow-up status (CHR-UNK).

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Previous postmortem brain studies have revealed disturbed myelination in the intracortical regions in patients with schizophrenia, possibly reflecting anomalous brain maturational processes. However, it currently remains unclear whether this anomalous myelination is already present in early illness stages and/or progresses during the course of the illness. In this magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined gray/white matter contrast (GWC) as a potential marker of intracortical myelination in 63 first-episode schizophrenia (FESz) patients and 77 healthy controls (HC).

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Objectives: We examined literacy related to healthy gestational weight gain (GWG) in immigrant and native Japanese mothers and determined whether it is associated with children's birth weight.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: As the baseline survey in the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), mothers completed self-administered questionnaires distributed by hand during pregnancy.

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Posterior cerebral artery involvement in unilateral moyamoya disease is exclusively ipsilateral and influenced by RNF213 mutation gene dose: The SUPRA Japan study: PCA involvement in unilateral moyamoya.

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis

February 2024

Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Stroke Support Center and Moyamoya Disease Support Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address:

Objectives: The characteristics and clinical implications of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) involvement in unilateral moyamoya disease (U-MMD), such as laterality, frequency of the RNF213 p.R4810K mutation, and clinical outcomes, have not been well studied.

Population And Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 93 patients with U-MMD who participated in the SUPRA Japan study.

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Smell loss has caught public attention during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Research on olfactory function in health and disease gains new momentum. Smell deficits have long been recognized as an early clinical sign associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Aim: The present study aimed to examine the association between copy number variations (CNVs) in parkin (PRKN) and schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a large case-control sample.

Method: Array comparative genomic hybridization was performed on 3111 cases with SCZ, 1236 cases with ASD, and 2713 controls. We systematically prioritized likely pathogenic CNVs (LP-CNVs) in PRKN and examined their association with SCZ and ASD.

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Normative Modeling of Brain Morphometry in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.

JAMA Psychiatry

January 2024

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

Importance: The lack of robust neuroanatomical markers of psychosis risk has been traditionally attributed to heterogeneity. A complementary hypothesis is that variation in neuroanatomical measures in individuals at psychosis risk may be nested within the range observed in healthy individuals.

Objective: To quantify deviations from the normative range of neuroanatomical variation in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and evaluate their overlap with healthy variation and their association with positive symptoms, cognition, and conversion to a psychotic disorder.

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Birth season and gross brain morphology associated with early neurodevelopment in schizophrenia spectrum patients and healthy subjects.

Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging

October 2023

Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.

This MRI study examined the effects of birth seasons on gross brain characteristics, such as the prevalence/size of midline brain structures (cavum septi pellucidi and adhesio interthalamica), orbitofrontal surface morphology, and insular gross anatomy, in 135 patients with schizophrenia, 47 with schizotypal disorder, and 88 healthy controls. Birth seasons only affected the insular anatomy. Summer-born subjects (N = 110) were characterized by more developed left insular gyri than winter-born subjects; however, this effect had no diagnostic specificity.

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Aim: This study aims to examine the real-world effectiveness of education regarding clinical guidelines for psychiatric disorders using 'the Effectiveness of guidelines for dissemination and education in psychiatric treatment (EGUIDE)' project.

Methods: The EGUIDE project is a nationwide prospective implementation study of two clinical practice guidelines, i.e.

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According to the operational diagnostic criteria, psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are classified based on symptoms. While its cluster of symptoms defines each of these psychiatric disorders, there is also an overlap in symptoms between the disorders. We hypothesized that there are also similarities and differences in cortical structural neuroimaging features among these psychiatric disorders.

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Introduction: Abnormalities in membrane phospholipids are considered one of the pathophysiological backgrounds for schizophrenia. This study, explores the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes and its association with clinical characteristics in two groups: individuals with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) and patients experiencing their first-episode of schizophrenia (FES).

Materials And Methods: This study measured erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in 72 antipsychotic-free individuals with ARMS, 18 antipsychotic-free patients with FES, and 39 healthy volunteers.

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Gross anatomical variations of the insular cortex in first-episode schizophrenia.

Schizophr Res

October 2023

Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed gray matter reductions in the insular cortex of schizophrenia patients. Despite large inter-individual anatomical variations in the insular gyri of human brains, the gross anatomical features of the insular cortex and their relationships with clinical characteristics remain largely unknown in schizophrenia.

Methods: The present MRI study investigated variations in the insular gross anatomy (i.

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Differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult in practical psychiatric settings, in terms of using the current diagnostic system based on presenting symptoms and signs. The creation of a novel diagnostic system using objective biomarkers is expected to take place. Neuroimaging studies and others reported that subcortical brain structures are the hubs for various psycho-behavioral functions, while there are so far no neuroimaging data-driven clinical criteria overcoming limitations of the current diagnostic system, which would reflect cognitive/social functioning.

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Introduction: Since the number of insular gyri is higher in schizophrenia patients, it has potential as a marker of early neurodevelopmental deviations. However, it currently remains unknown whether the features of the insular gross anatomy are similar between schizophrenia patients and individuals at risk of psychosis. Furthermore, the relationship between anatomical variations in the insular cortex and cognitive function has not yet been clarified.

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Disrupted functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode network (DMN) may have a pathophysiological role in schizophrenia. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the DMN in schizophrenia patients has shown inconsistent results. It also remains unclear whether individuals with at-risk mental state (ARMS) have an altered DMN connectivity and whether it is related to clinical characteristics.

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Importance: The lack of robust neuroanatomical markers of psychosis risk has been traditionally attributed to heterogeneity. A complementary hypothesis is that variation in neuroanatomical measures in the majority of individuals at psychosis risk may be nested within the range observed in healthy individuals.

Objective: To quantify deviations from the normative range of neuroanatomical variation in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and evaluate their overlap with healthy variation and their association with positive symptoms, cognition, and conversion to a psychotic disorder.

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Increased prevalence of the Heschl's gyrus duplication pattern common to various first-episode psychoses.

Schizophr Res

February 2023

Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton, South Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; North Western Mental Health, Western Hospital Sunshine, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.

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Introduction: Patients with schizophrenia have a higher number of insular gyri; however, it currently remains unclear whether the brain characteristics of patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), a mild form of schizophrenia, are similar. It is also unknown whether insular gross anatomical features are associated with the illness stages and clinical subtypes of schizophrenia.

Materials And Methods: This magnetic resonance imaging study examined gross anatomical variations in the insular cortex of 133 patients with schizophrenia, 47 with SPD, and 88 healthy controls.

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