Mice Born to Mothers Fed a Diet High in Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Low in Omega-3 Fatty Acids During Pregnancy Exhibit Various Behavioral Changes Including Impaired Social Behaviors and Enhanced Recognition Memory.

Background: Modern dietary trends have led to an increase in foods that are relatively high in n-6 PUFAs and low in n-3 PUFAs. We previously reported that the offspring of mother mice that consumed a diet high in n-6 linoleic acid (LA) and low in n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA), hereinafter called the LA/ALA diet, exhibited behavioral abnormalities related to anxiety and feeding.

Objectives: We currently lack a comprehensive overview of the behavioral abnormalities in these offspring, which was investigated in this study.

Impact of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy and its discontinuation on cardiac function and mortality in patients with early-stage breast cancer: An analysis based on the Japanese Receipt Claim Database.

Standard trastuzumab therapy can reduce the risk of early recurrence of HER2-positive breast cancer. However, trastuzumab-induced cardiac dysfunction may force the discontinuation of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy. Incidentally, there are still unclear whether or not trastuzumab treatment should be continued in the setting of reduced cardiac function.

Giant Seebeck Effect of Dibenzo[g,p]chrysene and its Derivatives: Deuteration and Substituent Effects and Relationship with Interlayer Distance.

Thermoelectric properties of undoped crystals of dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (DBC), deuterated DBC (DBC-d16), and 2,10-dimethyl-DBC (DBC-Me2) have been studied to obtain some insights into the relationship between the structural parameters of materials and the giant Seebeck effect. X-ray crystallography showed one-dimensional columnar packing with the interlayer distances (d) for DBC-d16, DBC, and DBC-Me2 were 3.78 Å, 3.

Structure-Function Analysis of CYP105A1 in the Metabolism of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs.

CYP105A1 exhibits monooxygenase activity to a wide variety of structurally different substrates with regio- and stereospecificity, making its application range broad. Our previous studies have shown that CYP105A1 wild type and its variants metabolize 12 types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In particular, the R84A variant exhibited a high activity against many NSAIDs.

Characteristics of subacute stroke patients who achieve earlier independence in real-life walking performance during hospitalization.

Objective: To identify factors associated with earlier independence in "real-life walking" during hospitalization in subacute stroke patients.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects/patients: Two hundred and six hemiplegic patients.

Immunoassay detection of multiphosphorylated tau proteoforms as cerebrospinal fluid and plasma Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.

Different forms of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) have shown strong potential as Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. We hypothesized that p-tau proteoforms simultaneously phosphorylated at two different sites may have an increased diagnostic value compared with tau phosphorylated at a single site. Here, we developed two immunoassays detecting CSF and plasma tau simultaneously phosphorylated at both T181 and T231 (p-tau181&231) and at T217 and T231 (p-tau217&231).

Geriatric nutritional risk index and newly developed scoring system as prognosis prediction for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with lenvatinib.

In the current era of immune therapy, lenvatinib (LEN) continues to be vital for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) patients. This study investigates the importance of nutritional status in the prognosis of uHCC patients receiving LEN and evaluates a new prognostic scoring system that combines the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and systemic inflammatory response. From 2018 to 2022, 484 uHCC patients treated with LEN (384 males, median age 73).

Why the gaze behavior of expert physicians and novice medical students differ during a simulated medical interview: A mixed methods study.

Human cognition is reflected in gaze behavior, which involves eye movements to fixate or shift focus between areas. In natural interactions, gaze behavior serves two functions: signal transmission and information gathering. While expert gaze as a tool for gathering information has been studied, its underlying cognitive processes remain insufficiently explored.

Use of the specific binding ratio distribution to characterise multiple system atrophy in advanced iodine-123-labelled N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane serotonin transporter imaging.

Objectives: Sudden death in multiple system atrophy (MSA) is caused by decreased serotonergic innervation, but there is no routine test method for this decrease. In addition to dopamine transporters, iodine-123-labelled N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (I-FP-CIT) binds serotonin transporters (SERTs). We noted a binding potential to quantify the total quantity of I-FP-CIT binding to its receptors.

Effectiveness of Chemoimmunotherapy in Small-cell Lung Cancer Patients With a Poor Performance Status or Higher Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio.

Background/aim: Chemoimmunotherapy has improved overall survival in patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the backgrounds of patients enrolled in clinical trials tend to differ from those of patients treated in clinical practice, and the effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy may be unclear in some populations, including patients with poor performance status. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy for SCLC patients in clinical practice while focusing on several subgroups.

Treatment Outcomes of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab After Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (AteBev) is widely used as a first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, evidence regarding the optimal drug sequence following AteBev treatment is limited. This study aimed to compare the treatment outcomes between tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and durvalumab plus tremelimumab (DurTre) following AteBev treatment.

Torsional Structural Relaxation Caused by Pt-Pt Bond Formation in the Photoexcited Dimer of Pt(II) N ̂ C ̂ N Complex in Solution.

[Pt(NCN)MeCN] (NCN = 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene, MeCN = acetonitrile) forms oligomers in the ground state due to metallophilic interactions, and a Pt-Pt bond is formed with photoexcitation. Ultrafast excited-state dynamics of the [Pt(NCN)MeCN] dimer in acetonitrile is investigated by femtosecond time-resolved absorption (TA) and picosecond emission spectroscopy. The femtosecond TA signals exhibit 60 cm oscillations arising from the Pt-Pt stretching motion in the S dimer.

Awareness-raising activities of advance care planning for community residents: a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Japan.

Background: Japan is implementing awareness-raising of advance care planning for older adults; however, only 451 out of 1 741 municipalities were engaged in advance care planning awareness-raising activities among residents, according to a 2017 survey. This study examined advance care planning awareness-raising activities among community residents by local governments after the 2018 revision of the government guidelines, as well as utilization of the revised guidelines, issues in awareness-raising activities, and directions for future activities.

Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in prefectures and municipalities nationwide in 2022.

Treatment of Unruptured Large and Giant Carotid Cavernous Aneurysms in Japan at the Time of Flow Diverter Introduction: A Nationwide, Multicenter Survey by the Japanese Society on Surgery for Cerebral Stroke.

Background: Flow diverters (FDs) have been introduced for the management of large or giant cavernous carotid aneurysms (CCAs) in addition to conventional modalities, dramatically changing treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to examine the management of unruptured large/giant CCAs in Japan when FDs were being introduced using a nationwide survey.

Methods: 540 unruptured large/giant CCAs treated at neurosurgical teaching departments in Japan between 2012 and 2016 were retrospectively studied.

Impact of platelet-lymphocyte ratio after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with renorrhaphy.

Renorrhaphy is often performed after tumor resection during robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RAPN). This study aimed to investigate the association between renorrhaphy performance and inflammatory markers. A retrospective cohort study was conducted including patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent RAPN at eight institutions in Japan between April 2016 and November 2023.

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Accuracy of Super-Flexible Three-Dimensional Heart Models of Congenital Heart Disease Made via Stereolithography Printing and Vacuum Casting: A Multicenter Clinical Trial.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an advanced technology for accurately understanding anatomy and supporting the successful surgical management of complex congenital heart disease (CHD). We aimed to evaluate whether our super-flexible 3D heart models could facilitate preoperative decision-making and surgical simulation for complex CHD. The super-flexible heart models were fabricated by stereolithography 3D printing of the internal and external contours of the heart from cardiac computed tomography (CT) data, followed by vacuum casting with a polyurethane material similar in elasticity to a child's heart.

Assessment of factors associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: The incidence of antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is difficult to predict in real-world practice because various factors influence it. This study aimed to explore background and medication-related factors associated with weight gain in patients newly prescribed with antipsychotic medication.

Methods: This nationwide, multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted in Japan.

Japanese clinical practice guidelines for oral cancer, 2023.

The Japanese Society of Oral Oncology and Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons have jointly developed clinical practice guidelines for oral cancer (oral squamous cell carcinoma) to improve and standardize the quality of oral cancer treatment in Japan. The first, second, and third editions were published in 2009, 2013, and 2019, respectively, and the 2023 edition was recently developed. In the development of the 2023 edition, 60 clinical questions (CQs) were listed.

Safe Laparoscopic Treatment of a Giant Hepatic Cyst That Compressed the Inferior Vena Cava With Severe Kyphosis.

We report a case in which a giant hepatic cyst located at the hepatic hilum and compressing the inferior vena cava was safely treated laparoscopically with careful attention to hemodynamics in a difficult fenestrated resection in a patient with severe kyphosis. The anatomic location of the cyst was evaluated preoperatively via 3D reconstruction of computed tomography images to identify a site where safe fenestrated resection could be performed. This was challenging because the surgical field was narrow due to the presence of severe kyphosis, and there was a risk of damage to surrounding organs during fenestrated resection.

Effect of D-amino acid metabolic enzyme deficiency on cancer development-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma onset and gene expression analyses in DASPO-knockout mice.

The relationship between D-AA metabolic enzymes and cancer development remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this relationship using mice deficient in D-AA-related metabolic enzymes. We examined mice lacking these enzymes for approximately 900 days and the effects of altered D-AA metabolism on cancer development based on lifespan, pathological findings, and gene expression.

Regulation of Branchial Anoctamin 1 Expression in Freshwater- and Seawater-Acclimated Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes.

In euryhaline teleosts, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in seawater (SW)-type chloride cells facilitates apical Cl secretion for SW adaptation, while alternative Cl excretion pathways remain understudied. This study investigates the role of the calcium-activated chloride channel, Anoctamin 1 (ANO1), in the gills of the euryhaline Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) under hyperosmolality and cortisol (CORT) influence. Acclimation to artificial SW, NaCl, mannitol, or glucose significantly upregulated ANO1 and CFTR mRNA expression in gills, unlike urea treatment.