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546 results match your criteria: "University of Toronto at Mississauga[Affiliation]"
R Soc Open Sci
October 2019
International Centre of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
Varanopids are a basal clade of small- to medium-sized non-therapsid synapsids, whose range extends from the late Pennsylvanian to the late middle Permian, and are found in North America, Russia, Europe and South Africa. The greatest varanopid diversity is observed at the fossiliferous cave deposits near Richards Spur, Oklahoma, well known for the preservation of a complex early Permian upland community. Two previously described varanopids, and , are known only from fragmentary disarticulated material at Richards Spur.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancers (Basel)
November 2019
Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
Src Homology 2 (SH2) domains arose within metazoan signaling pathways and are involved in protein regulation of multiple pleiotropic cascades. In signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, SH2 domain interactions are critical for molecular activation and nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated STAT dimers to drive transcription. Sequencing analysis of patient samples has revealed the SH2 domain as a hotspot in the mutational landscape of STAT proteins although the functional impact for the vast majority of these mutations remains poorly characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicine (Baltimore)
September 2019
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.
Recently, studies have shown significant association between the rs2000999 polymorphism in the haptoglobin-encoding gene (HP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, which are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, the association of rs2000999 with serum lipids in Latin American diabetic populations is still uncharacterized. Here, we analyzed the association of rs2000999 with TC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-C levels in 546 Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in 654 controls without T2D.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Mol Genet
October 2019
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Although hundreds of genome-wide association studies-implicated loci have been reported for adult obesity-related traits, less is known about the genetics specific for early-onset obesity and with only a few studies conducted in non-European populations to date. Searching for additional genetic variants associated with childhood obesity, we performed a trans-ancestral meta-analysis of 30 studies consisting of up to 13 005 cases (≥95th percentile of body mass index (BMI) achieved 2-18 years old) and 15 599 controls (consistently <50th percentile of BMI) of European, African, North/South American and East Asian ancestry. Suggestive loci were taken forward for replication in a sample of 1888 cases and 4689 controls from seven cohorts of European and North/South American ancestry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neuroendocrinol
September 2019
Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
In many mammalian species, new mothers show heightened positive responsiveness to infants and their cues when they give birth. As is evident from non-human and human studies, the amygdala is a brain region implicated in both the maternal and affective neural circuitry, and is involved in processing socioemotionally salient stimuli. In humans, infants are socially salient stimuli to women, and mothers in particular.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
August 2019
Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.
The organic matrix (OM) contained in marine calcifiers has a key role in the regulation of crystal deposition, such as crystalline structure, initiation of mineralization, inhibition, and biological/environmental control. However, the functional properties of the chitin-rich skeletal organic matrix on the biological aspect of crystallization in crustose coralline algae have not yet been investigated. Hence, the characterization of organic matrices in the biomineralization process of this species was studied to understand the functions of these key components for structural formation and mineralization of calcium carbonate crystals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtten Percept Psychophys
June 2020
Department of Psycholoygy, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road N., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
When amplification is used, sound sources are often presented over multiple loudspeakers, which can alter their timbre, and introduce comb-filtering effects. Increasing the diffuseness of a sound by presenting it over spatially separated loudspeakers might affect the listeners' ability to form a coherent auditory image of it, alter its perceived spatial position, and may even affect the extent to which it competes for the listener's attention. In addition, it can lead to comb-filtering effects that can alter the spectral profiles of sounds arriving at the ears.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Genet
July 2019
Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Health Sciences Complex, room 352, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
Background: Association studies in recently admixed populations are extremely useful to identify the genetic architecture of pigmentation, due to their high genotypic and phenotypic variation. However, to date only four Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have been carried out in these populations.
Results: We present a GWAS of skin pigmentation in an admixed sample from Cuba (N = 762).
J Evol Biol
September 2019
Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
Most hypotheses to explain nonrandom mating patterns invoke mate choice, particularly in species that display elaborate ornaments. However, conflicting selection pressures on traits can result in functional constraints that can also cause nonrandom mating patterns. We tested for functional load-lifting constraints during aerial copulation in Rhamphomyia longicauda, a species of dance fly that displays multiple extravagant female-specific ornaments that are unusual among sexual traits because they are under stabilizing selection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe examined maternal depression and maternal sensitivity as mediators of the association between maternal childhood adversity and her child's temperament in 239 mother-child dyads from a longitudinal, birth cohort study. We used an integrated measure of maternal childhood adversity that included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Parental Bonding Index. Maternal depression was assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 6 months postpartum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychol Med
May 2020
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder with significant morbidity whose pathophysiology is not fully understood. Neuroimaging studies have characterized OCD in terms of elevated striatal and prefrontal reactivity to emotion provocation. This neural model may be informed by investigation of functional connectivity in OCD, identifying alterations in how sensory information is integrated into frontostriatal regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2019
Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Dissorophoidea, a group of temnospondyl tetrapods that first appear in the Late Carboniferous, is made up of two clades ⎼ Olsoniformes and Amphibamiformes (Branchiosauridae and Amphibamidae) ⎼ the latter of which is widely thought to have given rise to living amphibians (i.e., Lissamphibia).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFR Soc Open Sci
February 2019
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3B2.
Diseases emerging from wildlife have been the source of many major human outbreaks. Predicting key sources of these outbreaks requires an understanding of the factors that explain pathogen diversity in reservoir species. Comparative methods are powerful tools for understanding variation in pathogen diversity and rely on correcting for phylogenetic relatedness among reservoir species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForensic Sci Int Genet
May 2019
Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Pesquisas Forenses e Genômicas, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:
SNP analysis is of paramount importance in forensic genetics. The development of new technologies in next-generation sequencing allowed processing a large number of markers in various samples simultaneously. Although SNPs are less informative than STRs, they present lower mutation rates and perform better when using degraded samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
March 2019
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91109, USA.
Glacial runoff is predicted to increase in many parts of the Arctic with climate change, yet little is known about the biogeochemical impacts of meltwaters on downstream freshwater ecosystems. Here we document the contemporary limnology of the rapidly changing glacierized watershed of the world's largest High Arctic lake (Lake Hazen), where warming since 2007 has increased delivery of glacial meltwaters to the lake by up to 10-times. Annually, glacial meltwaters accounted for 62-98% of dissolved nutrient inputs to the lake, depending on the chemical species and year.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Mol Genet
April 2019
Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Interpretation of genetic association results is difficult because signals often lack biological context. To generate hypotheses of the functional genetic etiology of complex cardiometabolic traits, we estimated the genetically determined component of gene expression from common variants using PrediXcan (1) and determined genes with differential predicted expression by trait. PrediXcan imputes tissue-specific expression levels from genetic variation using variant-level effect on gene expression in transcriptome data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2019
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516-8050, USA.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects ~10% of the global population, with considerable ethnic differences in prevalence and aetiology. We assemble genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function that defines CKD, in 312,468 individuals of diverse ancestry. We identify 127 distinct association signals with homogeneous effects on eGFR across ancestries and enrichment in genomic annotations including kidney-specific histone modifications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Obes
October 2018
1Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin St, Building C, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
Background: Genome-wide association studies have implicated the () gene in type 2 diabetes risk, and more recently, in decreased body mass index. Given the contrary direction of genetic effects on these two traits, it has been suggested that the observed association with body mass index may reflect either selection bias or a complex underlying biology at .
Methods: Using 9031 Hispanic/Latino adults (21-76 years) with complete weight history and genetic data from the community-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL, Baseline 2008-2011), we estimated the multivariable association between the additive number of type 2 diabetes increasing-alleles at (rs7903146-T) and body mass index.
Proc Biol Sci
September 2018
Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
Sex-specific ornaments typically occur in males, but they can also develop in females. While there are several models concerning the evolution of male-specific ornaments, it is not clear how, or under what circumstances, those models apply to female-specific ornament evolution. Here, we present a manipulative field experiment that explores the theoretical 'trait space' of multiple female-specific ornaments to study how these unusual traits evolved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Pharmacol
July 2019
University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
Pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics (PGx) relies on human genetic diversity. In this review we initially examine the PGx implications of human demographic history and genetic diversity, and highlight results from recent studies on the worldwide distribution of common and rare variants in pharmacogenes. The abundance of rare variants implies that a substantial effort will be required to identify their putative functional effects and to develop reliable algorithms for PGx-guided prescription.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Obes (Lond)
January 2019
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Background/objectives: Mexico has one of the highest prevalence of childhood obesity in the world. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for obesity have identified multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in populations of European, East Asian, and African descent. The contribution of these loci to obesity in Mexican children is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol
April 2018
Zoology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
Males of the katydid Sphagniana sphagnorum form calling aggregations in boreal sphagnum bogs to attract mates. They broadcast frequency-modulated (FM) songs in steady series, each song comprised of two wing-stroking modes that alternate audio and ultrasonic spectra. NN analysis of three populations found mean distances between 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Paediatr
July 2018
Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Aim: To explore the role of breastfeeding as a possible link between maternal and infant cortisol attunement across the first postpartum year.
Methods: Mothers (n = 93) provided salivary samples for cortisol levels over a two-day period during mid-pregnancy and at three, six and 12 months and infants at six and 12 months postpartum. Breastfeeding status was established at these same time points.
Am Psychol
April 2019
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga.
Income inequality has become one of the more widely debated social issues today. The current article explores the role of progressive taxation in income inequality and happiness. Using historical data in the United States from 1962 to 2014, we found that income inequality was substantially smaller in years when the income tax was more progressive (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2017
The Centre for Applied Genomics. The Hospital for Sick Children. Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Room 139800, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.
The effect of Copy Number Variants (CNVs) on Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) remains little explored. The present study characterized large rare CNVs in 686 T2D and 194 non-T2D subjects of Mexican ancestry genotyped using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 5.0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF