Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening Using Digital Mammography in Canada.

Importance: Evolving breast cancer treatments have led to improved outcomes but carry a substantial financial burden. The association of treatment costs with the cost-effectiveness of screening mammography is unknown.

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of population-based breast cancer screening in the context of current treatment standards.

Simultaneous High Current Density and Selective Electrocatalytic CO2-to-CH4 through Intermediate Balancing.

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CH4 is promising for carbon neutrality and renewable energy storage but confronts low CH4 selectivity, especially at high current densities. The key challenge lies in promoting *CO intermediate and *H coupling while minimizing side reactions including C-C coupling or H-H coupling, which is particularly difficult at high current density due to abundant intermediates. Here we report a cooperative strategy to address this challenge using Cu-based catalysts comprising Cu-N coordination polymer and CuO component that can simultaneously manage the key intermediates *CO and *H.

Toward target 2035: EUbOPEN - a public-private partnership to enable & unlock biology in the open.

Target 2035 is a global initiative that seeks to identify a pharmacological modulator of most human proteins by the year 2035. As part of an ongoing series of annual updates of this initiative, we summarise here the efforts of the EUbOPEN project whose objectives and results are making a strong contribution to the goals of Target 2035. EUbOPEN is a public-private partnership with four pillars of activity: (1) chemogenomic library collections, (2) chemical probe discovery and technology development for hit-to-lead chemistry, (3) profiling of bioactive compounds in patient-derived disease assays, and (4) collection, storage and dissemination of project-wide data and reagents.

Musculoskeletal symptomatology in skeletally immature students carrying heavy backpacks: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Young students with skeletal immaturity report an increasing number of musculoskeletal symptoms associated with daily use of heavy backpacks. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between heavy backpack use and reports of pain.

Methods: Data were collected from 300 students aged 11 to 18 at the University of Toronto Schools.

Coming of age in war: Early life adversity, age at menarche, and mental health.

Armed conflict and forced migration (ACFM) represent a set of extreme environments that are increasingly common for children and adolescents to experience. Adolescence may constitute a sensitive period (puberty and psychoneurological maturation) through which ACFM adversity leaves a lasting mark. Adolescence has become a focal point for analysis and intervention as it relates to the effects of early life adversity on puberty, linear growth, and mental health.

NAD supplementation improves mitochondrial functions and normalizes glaucomatous trabecular meshwork features.

Glaucoma is characterized by pathological elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) due to dysfunctional trabecular meshwork (TM), which is the primary cause of irreversible vision loss. There are currently no effective treatment strategies for glaucoma. Mitochondrial function plays a crucial role in regulating IOP within the TM.

Harnessing open science practices to teach ecology and evolutionary biology using interactive tutorials.

Open science skills are increasingly important for a career in ecology and evolutionary biology (EEB) as efforts to make data and analyses publicly available continue to become more commonplace. While learning core concepts in EEB, students are also expected to gain skills in conducting open science to prepare for future careers. Core open science skills like programming, data sharing, and practices that promote reproducibility can be taught to undergraduate students alongside core concepts in EEB.

Exposure to mass media chronic health campaign messages and the uptake of non-communicable disease screening in Ghana.

The main goal of this study was to examine the relationship between exposure to mass media health campaign massages and the uptake of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) screening services in Ghana and whether this relationship differs by place of residence. Available evidence suggests a general low uptake of NCDs screening in developing country settings. Unfortunately, many NCDs evolve very slowly and are consequently difficult to detect early especially in situations where people do not screen regularly and in settings where awareness is low.

Microplastic exposure is associated with epigenomic effects in the model organism Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow).

Microplastics have evolutionary and ecological impacts across species, affecting organisms' development, reproduction, and behavior along with contributing to genotoxicity and stress. As plastic pollution is increasing and ubiquitous, gaining a better understanding of organismal responses to microplastics is necessary. Epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation are heritable forms of molecular regulation influenced by environmental conditions.

"The Critical Services Are Out of Reach": Diabetes Management and the Experiences of South Asian Immigrants in Ontario.

Type 2 diabetes is a serious chronic condition affecting millions of people worldwide. South Asians (individuals originating from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal) represent a high-risk ethnicity for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and experience a high prevalence of the disease, even in migrant populations. The objective of this study was to investigate perceptions and experiences of South Asians living with T2D in Ontario, and their utilization of diabetes related services within the provincial healthcare system.

Cost-effectiveness of the top 100 drugs by public spending in Canada, 2015-2021: a repeated cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To assess the distribution and spending by cost-effectiveness category among those drugs with the highest public spending levels in Canada.

Design: Repeated cross-sectional study.

Setting: The Canadian provinces of Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland.

Landscape of Métis health and wellness: protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: In Canada, Métis people are one of three distinct Indigenous peoples whose rights are recognised and affirmed in Section 35 of the federal . In line with Métis people having a unique culture, history, language and way of life, a distinctions-based approach is critical to understand the current landscape of Métis-specific health. In this paper, we present a scoping review protocol to describe this research landscape in Canada led by the Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO).

Self-reported MeasUrement of Physical and PsychosOcial Symptoms Response Tool (SUPPORT-dialysis): systematic symptom assessment and management in patients on in-centre haemodialysis - a parallel arm, non-randomised feasibility pilot study protocol.

Introduction: Patients with kidney failure experience symptoms that are often under-recognised and undermanaged. These symptoms negatively impact health-related quality of life and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Regular symptom assessment, using electronic patient reported outcomes measure (ePROMs) linked to systematic symptom management, could improve such outcomes.

Accelerated chemical science with AI.

In light of the pressing need for practical materials and molecular solutions to renewable energy and health problems, to name just two examples, one wonders how to accelerate research and development in the chemical sciences, so as to address the time it takes to bring materials from initial discovery to commercialization. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques, in particular, are having a transformative and accelerating impact on many if not most, technological domains. To shed light on these questions, the authors and participants gathered in person for the ASLLA Symposium on the theme of 'Accelerated Chemical Science with AI' at Gangneung, Republic of Korea.

Fourteen quick tips for crowdsourcing geographically linked data for public health advocacy.

This article presents 14 quick tips to build a team to crowdsource data for public health advocacy. It includes tips around team building and logistics, infrastructure setup, media and industry outreach, and project wrap-up and archival for posterity.

Bibliometric analysis of the uveitis literature and research trends over the past two decades.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the publication patterns and present a current view of the field of uveitis using a bibliometric analysis.

Design: Bibliometric analysis.

Methods And Analysis: A comprehensive search of three databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane was conducted from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2022.

Integrating coordination of food purchasing into activity space-based food environment research: Toward a household perspective.

Despite the advances in person-based approaches to studying food environments, most studies using these approaches have relied on individual-centered activity space measures and largely ignored cohabiting household members who play crucial roles in shaping an individual's food access, food behaviors, and diet. This can be problematic for completely capturing food environments relevant to an individual and add uncertainties to explorations of how individuals' food environments relate to their food behaviors. This viewpoint discusses the need for, and implications of, considering household members when measuring food access and disentangling the behavioral pathways connecting the food environment to diet.

Ageism against Older Adults: How do Intersecting Identities Influence Perceptions of Ageist Behaviors?

Most ageism research has focused on prejudice against older people without considering their multiple intersecting identities. We investigated perceptions of ageist acts that targeted older individuals with intersecting racial (Black/White) and gender identities (men/women). Both young (18-29) and older (65+) adult Americans evaluated the acceptability of a variety of instances of hostile and benevolent ageism.

Survey-derived activity space-based exposures to fast food outlets and their cross-sectional associations with use of fast food outlets, diet quality and BMI.

There is a need for conceptual and methodological innovation in food environment-health research. We compared different operationalizations of survey-derived activity space exposures to fast food outlets (FFOs) in associations with use of FFO, diet quality and body mass index (BMI). FFO exposure was determined for home, work and a maximum of sixteen other locations reported by 1728 Dutch adults.

Selected machine learning of HOMO-LUMO gaps with improved data-efficiency.

Despite their relevance for organic electronics, quantum machine learning (QML) models of molecular electronic properties, such as HOMO-LUMO-gaps, often struggle to achieve satisfying data-efficiency as measured by decreasing prediction errors for increasing training set sizes. We demonstrate that partitioning training sets into different chemical classes prior to training results in independently trained QML models with overall reduced training data needs. For organic molecules drawn from previously published QM7 and QM9-data-sets we have identified and exploited three relevant classes corresponding to compounds containing either aromatic rings and carbonyl groups, or single unsaturated bonds, or saturated bonds The selected QML models of band-gaps (considered at GW and hybrid DFT levels of theory) reach mean absolute prediction errors of ∼0.

Who's cooking tonight? A time-use study of coupled adults in Toronto, Canada.

Understanding how coupled adults arrange food-related labor in relation to their daily time allocation is of great importance because different arrangements may have implications for diet-related health and gender equity. Studies from the time-use perspective argue that daily activities such as work, caregiving, and non-food-related housework can potentially compete for time with foodwork. However, studies in this regard are mostly centered on individual-level analyses.

Fibrinogen for the prediction of severe maternal complications in placental abruption with fetal death after 24 weeks of gestation.

Objective: To assess the correlation between standard laboratory indicators at admission and severe maternal complications due to placental abruption (PA) with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) after 24 weeks.

Methods: Retrospective study in three French tertiary referral hospitals. Correlation of laboratory indicators at admission (platelet count, prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen) and severe maternal complications (massive transfusion, multiple organ failure, hysterectomy, or maternal deaths) in patients with PA and IUFD.

Mental Health Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focuses and Trends.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly influenced the world. In wave after wave, many countries suffered from the pandemic, which caused social instability, hindered global growth, and harmed mental health. Although research has been published on various mental health issues during the pandemic, some profound effects on mental health are difficult to observe and study thoroughly in the short term.