Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Thrombolysis by Infarct Type in Patients with No Visible Occlusion: A Secondary Analysis of the AcT Trial.

Background: About 25% of patients with acute ischemic stroke have lacunar infarct on follow-up imaging. In this secondary analysis from the AcT (Alteplase Compared With Tenecteplase) trial, we assessed if there is variation in safety or efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis by infarct type in patients with no visible occlusion. We also determined if this effect differed between tenecteplase and alteplase.

Healthcare Professional Association Agency in Preparing for Artificial Intelligence: A Multiple-Case Study of Radiation Medicine and Medical Imaging in the Canadian context.

As artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated in healthcare, it is incumbent on healthcare professional associations (HPAs) to assist their memberships in preparing for related change. HPAs hold a unique role in establishing the socio-cultural, normative, and regulative elements of healthcare professions. An exploratory multiple-case study approach was employed to consider how, when faced with AI as a disruptive technology, HPAs engage in sense-making and legitimation of the change in order to support their membership in preparing for future practice.

Etiological involvement of KCND1 variants in an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with variable expressivity.

Utilizing trio whole-exome sequencing and a gene matching approach, we identified a cohort of 18 male individuals from 17 families with hemizygous variants in KCND1, including two de novo missense variants, three maternally inherited protein-truncating variants, and 12 maternally inherited missense variants. Affected subjects present with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by diverse neurological abnormalities, mostly delays in different developmental domains, but also distinct neuropsychiatric signs and epilepsy. Heterozygous carrier mothers are clinically unaffected.

Population Trends of New Prescriptions for Antihyperglycemics and Antihypertensives Between 2014 and 2022.

Background: In the wake of pandemic-related health decline and health care disruptions, there are concerns that previous gains for cardiovascular risk factors may have stalled or reversed. Population-level excess burden of drug-treated diabetes and hypertension during the pandemic compared with baseline is not well characterized. We evaluated the change in incident prescription claims for antihyperglycemics and antihypertensives before versus during the pandemic.

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in People With Poststroke Gait Dysfunction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The exercise strategy that yields the greatest improvement in both cardiorespiratory fitness () and walking capacity poststroke has not been determined. This study aimed to determine whether conventional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) have different effects on and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD).

Methods And Results: In this 24-week superiority trial, people with poststroke gait dysfunction were randomized to MICT (5 days/week) or HIIT (3 days/week with 2 days/week of MICT).

Insights into the synthesis of NHC-stabilized Au nanoclusters through real-time reaction monitoring.

Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are interesting nanomaterials with potential applications in catalysis, bioimaging and optoelectronics. Their compositions and properties are commonly evaluated by various analytical techniques, including UV-vis spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. While these techniques have provided detailed insights into the structure and properties of nanoclusters, synthetic methods still suffer from a lack of and real-time reaction monitoring methodologies.

Differences in Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Incidence and Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery According to Assessment Method and Definition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most frequent complication of cardiac surgery. Despite clinical and economic implications, ample variability in POAF assessment method and definition exist across studies. We performed a study-level meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of POAF assessment method and definition on its incidence and association with clinical outcomes.

Mu opioid receptor gene variant modulates subjective response to smoked cannabis.

The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) mediates the rewarding properties of many psychoactive drugs and is an important target in the treatment of addictions. Functional interactions between the opioid and endocannabinoid systems are established and have been hypothesized to contribute to the effects of cannabis. We investigated associations between three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MOR gene (rs1799971, rs2281617, and rs510769) and subjective responses to smoked cannabis.

Cost-effectiveness of hydrophilic-coated urinary catheters for individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review.

Objective: To identify and critically evaluate the economic evaluations examining the cost-effectiveness of hydrophilic-coated vs uncoated catheters for individuals with spinal cord injury.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, the Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Emcare for studies in English and French. There were no restrictions to the year of publication.

Morphoquantitative effects of oral β-carotene supplementation on liver of C57BL/6 mice exposed to ethanol consumption.

Alcohol is harmful to the body, causing hepatic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The effects of alcohol on the liver can be offset using natural antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the administration of oral β-carotene on the morphoquantitative characteristics of mice livers exposed to ethanol consumption.

Downregulation of FGF Signaling by Overexpression Leads to Shape Impairment, Enamel Irregularities, and Delayed Signaling Center Formation in the Mouse Molar.

FGF signaling plays a critical role in tooth development, and mutations in modulators of this pathway produce a number of striking phenotypes. However, many aspects of the role of the FGF pathway in regulating the morphological features and the mineral quality of the dentition remain unknown. Here, we used transgenic mice overexpressing the FGF negative feedback regulator Sprouty4 under the epithelial keratin 14 promoter (K14-) to achieve downregulation of signaling in the epithelium.

Spontaneous Neural Dynamics and Multi-scale Network Organization.

Spontaneous neural activity has historically been viewed as task-irrelevant noise that should be controlled for via experimental design, and removed through data analysis. However, electrophysiology and functional MRI studies of spontaneous activity patterns, which have greatly increased in number over the past decade, have revealed a close correspondence between these intrinsic patterns and the structural network architecture of functional brain circuits. In particular, by analyzing the large-scale covariation of spontaneous hemodynamics, researchers are able to reliably identify functional networks in the human brain.

Study of GABA in Healthy Volunteers: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.

Preclinical studies show that GABA exerts anti-diabetic effects in rodent models of type 1 diabetes. Because little is known about its absorption and effects in humans, we investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GABA in healthy volunteers. Twelve subjects were subjected to an open-labeled, three-period trial involving sequential oral administration of placebo, 2 g GABA once, and 2 g GABA three times/day for 7 days, with a 7-day washout between each period.

Self-regulation therapy increases frontal gray matter in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: evaluation by voxel-based morphometry.

Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder show executive function (EF) deficits, particularly in self-regulation skills, and abnormalities in brain regions critical for these skills. None of the validated EF interventions for these children has been evaluated with regards to impacts on brain structure. Twenty-nine children with FASD were assigned to either an immediate-treatment (TX) or delayed-treatment control (DTC) group (DTC).

(18)F-FDG-PET/CT and (18)F-NaF-PET/CT in men with castrate-resistant prostate cancer.

To evaluate (18)F-labeled-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG-) and (18)F-labeled-sodium fluoride ((18)F-NaF-) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as biomarkers in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Nine men (53-75 years) in a phase 1 trial of abiraterone and cabozantinib had (18)F-FDG-PET/CT, (18)F-NaF-PET/CT and standard imaging ((99m)Tc-labeled-methylene-diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-MDP) bone scan and abdominal/pelvic CT) at baseline and after 8 weeks of therapy. Baseline disease was classified as widespread (18)F-FDG-avid, oligometastatic (18)F-FDG-avid (1 site), or non-(18)F-FDG-avid.

Altered hemodynamics and hyperuricemia accompany an elevated sFlt-1/PlGF ratio before the onset of early severe preeclampsia.

Objective: Early identification of women at risk of developing early-onset severe preeclampsia (sPE) is a key objective in obstetrics. An elevated ratio of serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) to placenta-like growth factor (PlGF) (sFlt-1/PlGF ratio) precedes overt hypertension. The longitudinal relationship between this biomarker, maternal hemodynamics, and maternal serum uric acid during the pre-clinical phase is unknown.

Is there evidence for neurodegenerative change following traumatic brain injury in children and youth? A scoping review.

While generalized cerebral atrophy and neurodegenerative change following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well recognized in adults, it remains comparatively understudied in the pediatric population, suggesting that research should address the potential for neurodegenerative change in children and youth following TBI. This focused review examines original research findings documenting evidence for neurodegenerative change following TBI of all severities in children and youth. Our relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria identified a total of 16 articles for review.

Simulating real world functioning in schizophrenia using a naturalistic city environment and single-trial, goal-directed navigation.

Objective: To develop a virtual reality platform that would serve as a functionally meaningful measure of cognition in schizophrenia and that would also complement standard batteries of cognitive tests during clinical trials for cognitive treatments in schizophrenia, be amenable to human neuroimaging research, yet lend itself to neurobiological comparison with rodent analogs.

Method: Thirty-three patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls matched for age, sex, video gaming experience, and education completed eight rapid, single-trial virtual navigation tasks within a naturalistic virtual city. Four trials tested their ability to find different targets seen during the passive viewing of a closed path that led them around different city blocks.

Web-based education for placental complications of pregnancy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether a web-based education strategy could improve maternal knowledge of placental complications of pregnancy and reduce maternal anxiety in high risk-pregnancies.

Methods: Prospective study in the Placenta Clinic at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario. Maternal demographics and Internet usage were recorded at the patient's baseline appointment.

A neuroanatomical examination of embodied cognition: semantic generation to action-related stimuli.

The theory of embodied cognition postulates that the brain represents semantic knowledge as a function of the interaction between the body and the environment. The goal of our research was to provide a neuroanatomical examination of embodied cognition using action-related pictures and words. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine whether there were shared and/or unique regions of activation between an ecologically valid semantic generation task and a motor task in the parietal-frontocentral network (PFN), as a function of stimulus format (pictures versus words) for two stimulus types (hand and foot).

The angiotensin II receptor type 2 polymorphism influences haemodynamic function and circulating RAS mediators in normotensive humans.

Background: The haemodynamic responses to angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockade may be mediated in part by interactions between angiotensin II and the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). An AT2R G1675A gene polymorphism has been described, but the functional effects of this polymorphism are unknown.

Methods: Haemodynamic function, circulating renin-angiotensin system mediators and norepinephrine were measured in young healthy subjects at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment with irbesartan.

Cecal perforation due to paralytic ileus following primary caesarean section.

Background: Reports of cecal perforation complicating a Caesarean section postoperatively are very uncommon. Cecal perforations often are due to an antecedent bowel obstruction.

Case: A 39-year-old primigravid woman presented with obstructed labour at a cervical dilatation of 6 cm.