Ultra-high temporal resolution 4D angiography using arterial spin labeling with subspace reconstruction.

Purpose: To achieve ultra-high temporal resolution non-contrast 4D angiography with improved spatiotemporal fidelity.

Methods: Continuous data acquisition using 3D golden-angle sampling following an arterial spin labeling preparation allows for flexibly reconstructing 4D dynamic angiograms at arbitrary temporal resolutions. However, k-space data is often temporally "binned" before image reconstruction, negatively affecting spatiotemporal fidelity and limiting temporal resolution.

More direct attacks increase likelihood of goals in 2018- and 2022-Men's World Cup Soccer Finals.

In soccer, attacking tactics can vary between elaborate, high passing play and play that involves very direct, straight-line action towards the towards the opponent's goal. It is of considerable interest to individuals involved which type of play is more effective in scoring given that goals are a rare event. We propose a geometric measure of directness (DIR) using the ratio between the straight-line distance from the point where possession begins to the centre of goal, and the total distance covered by the ball during that possession.

Radiosynthesis, Characterization, and PET Neuroimaging of [F]F-4 for Tau Protein: A First-in-Human PET Study.

[F]PI-2620 is a promising radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-Alzheimer's disease (non-AD) tauopathies in humans. An array of fluorinated derivatives of the carbazole scaffold of PI-2620 were synthesized and evaluated. binding assays with [H]PI-2620 in human tissues with AD, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration, combined with predictions of blood-brain barrier permeability, led to the selection and radiosynthesis of [F]F-4 as a promising radiotracer.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of pomalidomide building blocks for rapid PROTAC and molecular glue development.

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is revolutionizing drug discovery, but PROTAC synthesis remains challenging due to multi-step synthesis and slow linker installation SAr on 4-fluorothalidomide. Here, we optimize a microwave-assisted synthesis (MAS) of pomalidomide building blocks, achieving high yields within 15 min - boosting yield by at least 14% at gram scale without the need for purification. Unlike conventional oil bath heating and overnight reactions, MAS streamlines degrader development.

Monoselective Histone Deacetylase 6 PROTAC Degrader Shows Tractability.

Herein, we report a potent HDAC6 PROTAC, TO-1187, which selectively degrades HDAC6 and demonstrates efficacy. The design of TO-1187 was achieved by linking our previously reported HDAC6 inhibitor, TO-317, to the cereblon (CRBN) E3 ligase ligand, pomalidomide. TO-1187 achieved monoselective HDAC6 degradation in human multiple myeloma cells, MM.

Comparative Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines Among Adults with Underlying Medical Conditions: Systematic Literature Review and Pairwise Meta-Analysis Using GRADE.

Introduction: This systematic literature review and pairwise meta-analysis evaluated the comparative effectiveness of mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 in patients with at least one underlying medical condition at high risk for severe COVID-19.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles from January 1, 2019 to February 9, 2024. Studies reporting effectiveness data from at least two doses of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccination in adults with medical conditions at high risk of developing severe COVID-19 according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were included.

SADiff: A Sinogram-Aware Diffusion Model for Low-Dose CT Image Denoising.

CT image denoising is a crucial task in medical imaging systems, aimed at enhancing the quality of acquired visual signals. The emergence of diffusion models in machine learning has revolutionized the generation of high-quality CT images. However, diffusion-based CT image denoising methods suffer from two key shortcomings.

Measuring perception of mental health care on campus: Partnering with students to adapt and validate the Youth Service Satisfaction Scale.

Objective: Applying student co-design, this study sought to adapt and validate the 14-item Youth Service Satisfaction Scale (YSSS) for Post-Secondary Students (PSS).

Participants: PSS from a large, urban university who used campus-based mental health services in the past year.

Methods: Phase 1 focused on adaptation with PSS.

Amidase and lysozyme dual functions in TseP reveal a new family of chimeric effectors in the type VI secretion system.

Peptidoglycan (PG) serves as an essential target for antimicrobial development. An overlooked reservoir of antimicrobials lies in the form of PG-hydrolyzing enzymes naturally produced for polymicrobial competition, particularly those associated with the type VI secretion system (T6SS). Here, we report that a T6SS effector TseP, from , represents a family of effectors with dual amidase-lysozyme activities.

Age Decomposition of Mortality Rates Among Children Younger Than 5 Years in 47 LMICs.

Importance: Despite a global decline in the mortality rate of children younger than 5 years (the under-5 mortality rate), neonatal deaths continue to present a substantial challenge. The etiology behind deaths varies between the early and late neonatal periods as well as at later ages.

Objective: To decompose the under-5 mortality rate in 47 low- and middle-income countries into 8 age intervals, providing a comprehensive understanding of varying vulnerability across age groups.

Transcriptional Profiling and Genetic Mapping of Barley Responses to Bacterial Flagellin.

Diverse plant species detect bacterial flagellin using leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR RLKs) to activate defense responses and promote resistance against bacterial invasion. In barley, the impact of flagellin on inducible defense responses has not been fully described. Here, we report that the flagellin-derived flg22 peptide induces callose, ROS bursts and differential expression of 2603 genes in barley.

Effectiveness of technology-based stroke interventions to improve upper limb functioning in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) representing 69% of stroke incidence. Technology-based interventions offer potential for improving motor function and rehabilitation adherence; however, their impact in LMICs remains unknown.

Objective: To measure the efficacy of technological interventions compared to conventional physical rehabilitation in improving post- stroke upper limb motor function in LMICs.

The utility of brain biomarkers in predicting survival and neurological outcomes in pediatric patients after cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiac arrest in children is associated with high morbidity and mortality, primarily due to neurological injury. Biomarkers linked to brain injury, released into circulation from compromised elements of the neurovascular unit, act as significant prognostic indicators in patients suffering from hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) subsequent to the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after pediatric cardiac arrest. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the prognostic utility of brain injury biomarkers in predicting neurological outcomes and survival in patients following cardiac arrest in the pediatric population.

Trauma-Related Symptom Improvement in Multimodal Triphasic Trauma Therapy: Findings From a Community-Based Study.

Objective: This single-arm effectiveness study explored changes in trauma-related symptoms-including dissociation, depression, anxiety, sexual issues and sleep disturbances-throughout a multimodal, phased trauma intervention, to explore treatment response in real-world settings with varied populations and complex clinical presentations, as well as varied degrees of clinician experience.

Method: Symptom change was assessed among participants undergoing a triphasic trauma therapy called trauma practice. Data were collected at five time points: pretreatment (n = 41), Phase 1 (n = 37), Phase 2 (n = 25), Phase 3 (n = 20) and follow-up (n = 16).

Proceedings of the 29th Annual Congress of the International Liver Transplantation Society.

The 2024 Annual Congress of the International Liver Transplantation Society (ILTS) was from May 1-4th in Houston, Texas, USA, under the theme "Liver Disease and Transplantation: Breaking Barriers and Exploring New Frontiers". In addition to a robust scientific program, the congress also hosted a hands-on cadaveric robotic liver surgery course, a machine perfusion workshop, and a transesophageal echocardiography course. In this report, the ILTS Vanguard and Basic Sciences Committees present a summary of the congress proceedings.

PRR11 Promotes Bladder Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Facilitating G1/S Progression and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.

Background: Although Proline-rich Protein 11 (PRR11) abnormalities are closely associated with carcinogenesis, the precise mechanism of bladder cancer remains unclear. Here, we sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PRR11 in bladder cancer.

Methods: We performed differential expression analysis of PRR11 from the TCGA and GEO databases, followed by validation with clinical samples.

But how does it smell? An investigation of olfactory bulb size among living and fossil primates and other euarchontoglirans.

Primates are often considered to have a poor sense of smell. While all studies identify small olfactory bulbs (OB; the region of the brain responsible for processing scent) among haplorhines, whether or not strepsirrhines also possess small OBs is less clear, as is the evolutionary backdrop from which these patterns emerged. Here, we examine the relative size of the olfactory bulbs in cranial endocasts of living and fossil primates and their kin (Euarchontoglires [Primates, Dermoptera, Scandentia, Rodentia, Lagomorpha]), testing previous hypotheses.

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Inform Care Coordination by Identifying and Intervening in Patients' Unmet Social Needs: A Scoping Review.

Aim: We reviewed how artificial intelligence has been applied to inform care coordination by identifying and/or intervening in patients' unmet social needs.

Design: Scoping review.

Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases were searched for articles published by November 2023.

Specific Genetic Mutations Impact Chemotherapy Resistance and Therapeutic Efficacy of Oncolytic Viruses in Ovarian Cancer.

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer and those affected are in urgent need of new therapeutic strategies. Standard treatment is surgery followed by taxane- and platinum-based chemotherapy, but the rate of relapse is high and the 5-year survival is only 45%. Oncolytic viruses (OV) are a promising approach to EOC therapy through remodeling the immune composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME).

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Clerkship Experience.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of medical education; however, there is currently no published literature describing the pandemic's impact on the obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) clerkship experience. The purpose of this study was to survey medical students at the University of Toronto who completed their OBGYN rotation during the pandemic to gain perspective on how it impacted their clerkship experience. Methods An anonymous, voluntary survey regarding the OBGYN clerkship experience was circulated to all University of Toronto medical students who completed their clerkships between September 2020 and August 2021.

Harnessing transcriptional regulation of alternative end-joining to predict cancer treatment.

Alternative end-joining (alt-EJ) is an error-prone DNA repair pathway that cancer cells deficient in homologous recombination rely on, making them vulnerable to synthetic lethality via inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Targeting alt-EJ effector DNA polymerase theta (POLθ), which synergizes with PARP inhibitors and can overcome resistance, is of significant preclinical and clinical interest. However, the transcriptional regulation of alt-EJ and its interactions with processes driving cancer progression remain poorly understood.