Disconnection between sugars reduction and calorie reduction in baked goods and breakfast cereals with sugars-related nutrient content claims in the Canadian marketplace.

Introduction: Nutrition claims aim to highlight key attributes in foods and assist consumers to make informed dietary choices. Consumers generally perceive products with claims related to lower sugars content as being healthier. Food manufacturers also use these claims to highlight reformulation action in response to consumer demands and government policies.

Characterization of a novel zebrafish model of -associated Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4B3.

Biallelic loss of expression/function variants in cause the inherited peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4B3. There is an incomplete understanding of the disease pathomechanism(s) underlying Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4B3, and despite its severe clinical presentation, currently no disease-modifying therapies. A key barrier to the study of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4B3 is the lack of pre-clinical models that recapitulate the clinical and pathologic features of the disease.

Significance of the ARIMA epidemiological modeling to predict the rate of HIV and AIDS in the Kumba Health District of Cameroon.

Background: AIDS is a severe medical condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that primarily attacks the immune system, specifically CD4+ T lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell crucial for immune response), monocyte macrophages, and dendritic cells. This disease has significant health and socio-economic implications and is one of the primary causes of illness and death globally (UNAIDS, 2022). It presents significant challenges for public health and population well-being, both in developed and developing countries.

Trends in Indicators of Violence Among Adolescents in Europe and North America 1994-2022.

Objectives: To describe age and gender specific time trends in adolescent violence across 19 countries over 28 years.

Methods: The paper presents analysis of eight cycles of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study from 1994-2022, involving 789,531 children aged 11, 13, and 15. Indicators of violence included physical fighting, school bullying and cyberbullying (from 2018).

Automated fibrosis segmentation from wideband post-contrast mapping in an animal model of ischemic heart disease with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.

Purpose: Post-contrast mapping has proven promising for automated scar segmentation in subjects without ICDs, but this has not been implemented in patients with ICDs. We introduce an automated cluster-based thresholding method for maps with an ICD present and compare it to manually tuned thresholding of synthetic LGE images with an ICD present and standard LGE without an ICD present.

Methods: Seven swine received an ischemia-reperfusion myocardial infarction and were imaged at 3 T 4-5 weeks post-infarct with and without an ICD.

BMI-for-age percentile curves for older adults.

Objective: The objective of this manuscript is to present BMI-for-age percentile curves for men and women aged 45 to 90 years.

Methods: Weighted empirical percentile estimates were calculated using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) comprehensive cohort (2011-2018) according to age and sex. Statistical smoothing procedures were used to generate smoothed curves for the percentile values.

Development and evaluation of an interactive home therapy technology for children with neuromotor disorders: exemplification of a design thinking approach.

Purpose: To describe the process of developing an interactive home therapy technology and evaluate its usability with children.

Materials And Methods: Design thinking guided our technology development with knowledge holders. User- and theory-informed design needs were defined by empathizing with users through observation, interviews and literature review.

Environmental Risk Factors of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Towards a Strategy of Preventative Health.

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. Many of these environmental determinants are modifiable, offering opportunities to prevent disease or delay its onset. Advances in the study of preclinical IBD cohorts offer the potential to identify biomarkers that predict individuals at high risk of developing IBD, enabling targeted environmental interventions aimed at reducing IBD incidence.

Individualized PEEP can improve both pulmonary hemodynamics and lung function in acute lung injury.

Rationale: There are several approaches to select the optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), resulting in different PEEP levels. The impact of different PEEP settings may extend beyond respiratory mechanics, affecting pulmonary hemodynamics.

Objectives: To compare PEEP levels obtained with three titration strategies-(i) highest respiratory system compliance (C), (ii) electrical impedance tomography (EIT) crossing point; (iii) positive end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure (P)-in terms of regional respiratory mechanics and pulmonary hemodynamics.

Pelabresib plus ruxolitinib for JAK inhibitor-naive myelofibrosis: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors provide limited depth and durability of response in myelofibrosis. We evaluated pelabresib-a bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor-plus ruxolitinib (a JAK inhibitor) compared with placebo plus ruxolitinib as first-line therapy. In this phase 3 study (MANIFEST-2), JAK inhibitor-naive patients with myelofibrosis were randomized 1:1 to pelabresib 125 mg once daily (QD; 50-175 mg QD permitted) for 14 days followed by a 7-day break (21-day cycle), or to placebo in combination with ruxolitinib 10 or 15 mg twice daily (BID; 5 mg QD-25 mg BID permitted).

Single cell transcriptomic analysis of SGLT2 expression supports an indirect or off-target role for the cardioprotective benefits of empagliflozin in heart failure.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), such as empagliflozin, have shown remarkable benefits in reducing cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with heart failure irrespective of diabetes. Because of the magnitude of the benefits and broad application in both heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction, there have been concerted efforts to identify a mechanism for the observed benefits. One hypothesis is that SGLT2i act directly on the heart.

Building a hereditary cancer program in Colombia: analysis of germline pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants spectrum in a high-risk cohort.

Genetic studies in Latin America have expanded, but further efforts are needed to understand cancer susceptibility genes beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2, especially by characterizing the prevalence and spectrum of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PVs) in the region. This study aimed to determine the frequency of hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) in Colombians with solid tumors and to characterize the spectrum of PVs. Using data from the Colombia's largest Institutional Hereditary Cancer Program, we included patients aged ≥18 years with solid tumors who met HCS criteria and were offered genetic testing with a 105-cancer gene panel.

3D volumetric tomography of clouds using machine learning for climate analysis.

The prediction of climate has been a long-standing problem in contemporary science. One of the reasons stems from a gap in the ability to obtain 3D mapping of clouds, especially shallow scattered clouds. These clouds are strongly affected by mixing processes with their surroundings, rendering their internal volumetric structure highly heterogeneous.

TET2 deficiency increases the competitive advantage of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells through upregulation of thrombopoietin receptor signaling.

Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 (TET2) mutations drive the expansion of mutant hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in clonal hematopoiesis (CH). However, the precise mechanisms by which TET2 mutations confer a competitive advantage to HSCs remain unclear. Here, through an epigenetic drug screen, we discover that inhibition of disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L), a H3K79 methyltransferase, selectively reduces the fitness of Tet2 knockout (Tet2) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).

Gendered social determinants of health and risk of major adverse outcomes in atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Clinical risk factors have been identified as predictors of such outcomes, but social determinants of health (SDOH) may also play a role. We evaluated the associations between gendered SDOH (unevenly distributed between sexes) and adverse outcomes in AF.

Healthcare utilisation and characteristics of adults with fetal alcohol syndrome: a descriptive population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Adults with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) experience many adverse health and social outcomes, yet their healthcare utilisation is under-researched.

Method: This population-based descriptive cohort study utilised ICES provincial administrative health databases and Canadian Death Vital Statistics to identify adults with FAS via usage of hospital-based services (2002-2013) and examine their demographics, healthcare utilisation, mental health and addiction diagnoses, and mortality during follow-up (2014-2017).

Results: 565 adults with FAS were included in the cohort.

In Situ Investigation of Swelling Dynamics of Acrylamide-Acrylic Acid Superabsorbent Microparticles at a Single Particle Level.

Investigating the swelling behavior of superabsorbent polymer microparticles (SAP-MPs) at a single-particle level using traditional methods is constrained by low resolution and insufficient real-time data, especially for particles smaller than 300 µm. To address these challenges, a novel microfluidic device capable is developed of real-time, high-precision single-particle analysis. This platform hydrodynamically traps individual SAP-MPs, enabling continuous monitoring of their swelling dynamics under controlled conditions.