Real-World Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Patients With Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Unresponsive High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Multicountry Medical Chart Review.

Introduction: Treatment patterns for patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who are ineligible for or decline radical cystectomy (RC) are inconsistently reported. We retrospectively described demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics for these patients and assessed their clinical outcomes.

Patients And Methods: Medical charts of patients with BCG-unresponsive high-risk NMIBC (carcinoma in situ [cohort A] or T1/high-grade Ta [cohort B]) who were ineligible for or declined RC documented between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2018, at 15 academic centers were reviewed.

The Cloverleaf Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Technique for Repair of Challenging Macular Holes.

Purpose: This study introduces the Cloverleaf Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM) flap technique for managing challenging macular holes, aiming to enhance ILM flap placement and improve functional and anatomical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review of cases undergoing the Cloverleaf ILM flap technique was conducted at a single center. This technique involves creating multiple ILM flaps in a cloverleaf configuration in order to enhance the stability and coverage of the macular hole.

Lipid-siRNA Organization Modulates the Intracellular Dynamics of Lipid Nanoparticles.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely used for delivering therapeutic nucleic acids, yet the relationship between their internal structure and intracellular behavior, particularly before RNA release, remains unclear. Here, we elucidate how lipid-siRNA organization within LNPs can modulate their intracellular delivery dynamics. We use cryo-electron microscopy and photochemical assays to reveal that increased siRNA loading can reduce helper lipids' distribution to the LNP surface, while siRNA consistently localizes near the surface.

eHealth Literacy 3.0: Updating the Norman and Skinner 2006 Model.

This paper advances the "eHealth Literacy 3.0" model following Norman and Skinner's 2006 original eHealth literacy 1.0 model and Norman's 2011 2.

Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Interstitial Lung Diseases in Alberta, Canada: A Population-based Study.

Background The epidemiology of adult interstitial lung disease (ILD) is uncertain, given heterogeneous estimates from prior studies. The objective of this study was to define the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of ILD over a 10-year period using population-based data. Methods We created an administrative ILD cohort in Alberta, Canada between 2010-2019 using population-based administrative data (inpatient, ambulatory, and outpatient physician billing databases) for a repeat cross-sectional study.

Current Clinical and Educational Uses of Immersive Reality in Anesthesia: Narrative Review.

Background: The concept of immersive reality (IR), an umbrella term that encompasses virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality, has been established within the health care realm as a potentially valuable tool with numerous applications in both medical education and patient care.

Objective: This review aimed to introduce anesthesiologists to the emerging and rapidly evolving literature on IR, its use in anesthesia education, and its transferability into the clinical context.

Methods: A review of the relevant literature was conducted using the PubMed database from inception to July 5, 2023.

Underestimation of Follow-Up Infarct Volume by Acute CT Perfusion Imaging.

Background And Objectives: It is unknown whether acute CT perfusion (CTP) core imaging may underestimate the follow-up infarct. We hypothesize that infarct underestimation occurs especially in late-presenting patients and that underestimated infarct can partially be detected on baseline noncontrast CT (NCCT).

Methods: We included patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke who underwent baseline NCCT and CTP imaging, complete endovascular reperfusion, and follow-up MRI from the Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke (DEFUSE 3) trial and a consecutive, monocenter cohort.

Personality traits and alexithymia: A closer look at university students in a cross-sectional study.

This study investigates the association between student personality traits and alexithymia among university students. In this cross-sectional study, 290 students were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Standard questionnaires of 5 personality traits (NEO Five-Factor Inventory) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale were used to determine alexithymia and personality traits.

The impact of political assassinations on turnout: Evidence from Colombia.

Although a growing literature has investigated the effects of various types of civil war violence on political behavior, no study has examined the impact of assassinations targeting politicians. This is a critical omission, as violence against local politicians is prevalent across civil war contexts and may be the most consequential form of violence for political participation by affecting both candidate supply and voter demand. Using an original dataset of nearly 2,000 killings of Colombian local politicians between 1980 and 2023, we estimate the impact of this violence on voter turnout.

Geographical distribution and the impact of socio-environmental indicators on incidence of Mpox in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Ontario, being one of Canada's largest provinces, has been central to the high incidence of human Mpox. Research is scarce on how socio-environmental factors influence Mpox incidences. This study seeks to explore potential geographical correlations and the relationship between indicators of social marginalization and Mpox incidence rate in Ontario.

Identification of multiple hypoxia-independent triggers of upper airway long-term facilitation in a rat model of upper airway motor plasticity.

The respiratory control system can exhibit neuronal plasticity following exposures to repetitive respiratory challenges. For example, repeated obstructive apneas can trigger a form of respiratory plasticity that results in the enhancement of inspiratory hypoglossal (XII) motoneuron activity. This increase in respiratory motor output is known as hypoglossal long-term facilitation (hLTF).

Psychological stress associated with prognostic uncertainties in recently diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients: A qualitative study.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that negatively impacts thousands of patients in Canada. The unexpected nature of PD is associated with a decline in mental health. The highest level of psychological stress occurs during the early years following the diagnosis.

Reactions of R3PNNPR3 species with Boranes: Classical Adducts, FLPs and Radical Cations.

Although the nature of bis-phosphazine species are of much interest, there are few reports of their reactivity. Herein, we show that the bis-phosphazine species Ph3PNNPPh31 react with Lewis acids to give the Lewis acid adducts Ph3PNN(B(C6F5)3)PPh33 and Ph3PN(BF3)N(BF3)PPh34. Compound 1 also generates a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) in the presence of BPh3 and thermolysis of 1/BPh3, or 3 at 80 °C released N2 while 4 was stable at 80 °C.

A prospective multicenter validation of RETREAT for post-transplantation hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence prediction.

Background: The RETREAT score is a simple risk stratification tool for post-liver transplantation (LT) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence that has been validated in retrospective cohort studies. A prospective, multicenter study is needed to further demonstrate accuracy especially given evolving clinical demographics and HCC transplant practice.

Aim: To validate and compare the RETREAT score to other post-LT HCC recurrence risk scores in a contemporary, prospective cohort of patients.

Experimental Neurogenesis in the Embryos of the Gecko Paroedura picta.

This research introduces innovative tools for studying embryonic neurogenesis in the gecko Paroedura picta. Traditional research methods have been adapted for the gecko's unique biology, including variations of birthdating techniques and the implementation of EdU for tracking neuron generation. We also employ hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to detect specific mRNAs without the need for species-specific antibodies, providing a powerful and flexible tool for studying gene expression patterns in the gecko embryonic brain.

Molecular KRAS ctDNA Predicts Metastases and Survival in Pancreatic Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) commonly have occult metastatic dissemination and current standard staging methods have significant limitations in identifying these patients. A clinically available assay allows for the identification of mutant KRAS (mKRAS) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patient plasma and peritoneal fluid that may identify these patients and impact treatment decision making. We investigated the patterns of diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of mKRAS ctDNA in patients with localized PDAC.

T Cell Development: From T-Lineage Specification to Intrathymic Maturation.

T cell development occurs in the thymus in both mice and humans. Upon entry into the thymus, bone marrow-derived blood-borne progenitors receive instructive signals, including Notch signaling, to eliminate their potential to develop into alternative immune lineages while committing to the T cell fate. Upon T-lineage commitment, developing T cells receive further instructional cues to generate different T cell sublineages, which together possess diverse immunological functions to provide host immunity.

Effects of Polyphenolic Extracts from Sumac, Pomegranate Peel, Indian Almond Leaves, Falsa, and Banana Bract on Calcium Oxalate and Brushite Crystallization In Vitro.

Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stone formation, is a widespread global health concern. This study examines the effects of polyphenolic extracts, along with their anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin fractions, from sumac fruit, pomegranate peel, almond leaves, falsa fruit, and banana bract on the crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaC2O4.nH2O) and brushite (CaHPO4 2H2O) in vitro.

Developing the Standardized Workload Assessment Metric for Pediatric Emergency Departments: Initial Steps Using a Modified Delphi Method.

Objectives: We aimed to develop a comprehensive list of patient care components performed by pediatric emergency department (PED) physicians that could be individually scored on their subjective workload using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). These "care components," alongside patient and environmental factors that influence workload ("modifiers"), will form the basis of the Standardized Workload Assessment Metric for Pediatric Emergency Departments (SWAMPED). We sought to obtain preliminary workload scores for each care component and assess the face validity of the NASA-TLX-derived workload tool.

Evolving a plant-beneficial bacterium in soil vs. nutrient-rich liquid culture has contrasting effects on in-soil fitness.

Unlabelled: Inoculation of plant-beneficial microbes into agricultural soils can improve crop growth, but such outcomes depend on microbial survival. Here, we assessed how exposure to prior environmental conditions impacts microbial in-soil fitness, particularly focusing on incubation in liquid culture as an unavoidable phase of inoculant production and on pre-incubation in target soils as a potential method to improve performance. We conducted experimental evolution on a phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial species, , in (i) soil only, (ii) liquid media only, and (iii) soil followed by liquid media, using population metagenomic sequencing to track mutations over time.

Feasibility of a Community-Developed Survey Measuring Experiences of Pregnancy Care for LGBTQ2S+ Families.

Introduction: Despite increased recognition of and support for family building among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, Two-Spirit, and other sexual and gender minoritized (LGBTQ2S+) populations, there is still little evidence describing the experiences of pregnancy care within these populations in quantifiable ways. This paper describes our pilot study process and the feasibility of implementing a community-developed survey measuring respectful pregnancy care within LGBTQ2S+ communities.

Methods: Using a participatory action research approach, a Community Steering Council developed and piloted the Birth Includes Us survey.

Impact of Condoliase on Health-Related Quality of Life in Participants with Radicular Leg Pain Associated with Lumbar Disc Herniation: Results From a United States Phase 3 Clinical Trial.

Study Design: An exploratory analysis of a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, phase 3 study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of SI-6603 (condoliase) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL)-related outcomes in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH)-associated radicular leg pain from the Discovery 6603 study (NCT03607838).

Summary Of Background Data: Condoliase is a novel chemonucleolytic agent that selectively degrades chondroitin sulfate in the nucleus pulposus.

The Role of Protective Adults in Mitigating Health Outcomes Linked to Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse.

Childhood physical and/or sexual abuse are associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Protective factors may contribute to resilience and reduce the risk of these adult health outcomes. This study aims to determine if the presence of a protective adult can mitigate the association between childhood abuse and negative adult health outcomes.