Global Diversity Patterns are Explained by Diversification Rates and Dispersal at Ancient, not Shallow, Timescales.

Explaining global species richness patterns is a major goal of evolution, ecology, and biogeography. These richness patterns are often attributed to spatial variation in diversification rates (speciation minus extinction). Surprisingly, prominent studies of birds, fish, and plants have reported higher speciation and/or diversification rates at higher latitudes, where species richness is lower.

Unveiling the Impact of Wildfires on Nanoparticle Characteristics and Exposure Disparities through Mobile and Fixed-Site Monitoring in Toronto, Canada.

This study investigates the impacts of wildfires on nanoparticle characteristics and exposure disparities in Toronto, integrating data from a large-scale mobile monitoring campaign and fixed-site measurements during the unprecedented 2023 wildfire season. Our results reveal changes in particle characteristics during wildfire days, with particle number concentrations decreasing by 60% and particle diameter increasing by 30% compared to nonwildfire days. Moreover, the median lung deposited surface area (LDSA) levels rose by 31% during wildfire events.

Thymoma-Induced Severe Biventricular Failure without Myasthenia Gravis: Investigating Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy associated with thymoma is thought to be a cardiac manifestations of myasthenia gravis (MG). However, there are case reports of newly diagnosed thymoma presenting with cardiomyopathy without MG, and the mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this report is to explore tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) as a potential mechanism for cardiomyopathy in thymoma without features of MG.

Social inequalities in COVID-19 death by area-level income in 11.2 million people in Ontario, Canada: patterns over time and the mediating role of vaccination.

Knowledge of patterns in COVID-19 deaths by area-level income over time and the mediating role of vaccination in inequality patterns remains limited. We used data from a population-based retrospective cohort of 11,248,572 adults in Ontario, Canada. Cause-specific hazard models were used examine the relationship between income 2016 Census at the dissemination area level) and COVID-19 deaths between March-1-2020 and January-30-2022, stratified by wave.

The Use of Nocturnal Home Hemodialysis in Sickle Cell Disease.

Introduction: Despite being a rare cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), sickle cell disease has broad kidney implications. Patients with both sickle cell disease and ESKD are at a greater risk of adverse events including mortality; while these patients can be managed with hemodialysis (HD), the use of nocturnal HD in sickle cell disease has not been previously described.

Methods: Here, we report a patient with sickle cell disease and ESKD who transitioned from conventional HD to nocturnal home HD.

The ethical considerations of primordial pandemic prevention from a one health perspective.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has left a devastating global toll. As such, there is a strong impetus to prevent future global pandemics. Ethical considerations are an integral element of pandemic preparedness and response plans and should be incorporated into any pandemic prevention plan to explicitly examine the incorporated values from various stakeholders.

Vegan diet, processed foods, and body weight: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Low-fat plant-based diets cause weight loss in clinical trials. However, many foods are highly processed, raising the question as to their effect on body weight. This secondary analysis assessed the associations between changes in processed food intake and weight loss in 244 overweight adults randomly assigned to a vegan (n = 122) or control group (n = 122) for 16 weeks.

Sex differences in electrical activity of the brain during sleep: a systematic review of electroencephalographic findings across the human lifespan.

Background: With the explosion of techniques for recording electrical brain activity, our recognition of neurodiversity has expanded significantly. Yet, uncertainty exists regarding sex differences in electrical activity during sleep and whether these differences, if any, are associated with social parameters. We synthesised existing evidence applying the PROGRESS-Plus framework, which captures social parameters that may influence brain activity and function.

Addressing health equity during design and implementation of health system reform initiatives: a scoping review and framework.

Background: Health equity is a commonly asserted goal of health systems. However, there is a limited understanding on how best to promote equity as a part of health system reform initiatives. We conducted a scoping review to (1) identify and characterise strategies that promote health equity during the design and implementation of health system reform initiatives; and (2) determine opportunities to strengthen health equity informed policy design and implementation processes and outcomes.

Establishing content validity of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale.

Background: This study was designed to evaluate content validity of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS), a patient-reported outcome measure, in adults with anhedonia in the context of major depressive disorder (MDD). To accomplish this, a conceptual model including the symptoms and impacts of anhedonia in the context of MDD was developed and refined through a targeted literature review, clinician interviews (N = 6), and participant interviews (N = 20).

Results: Using the final conceptual model, an item mapping exercise was conducted for the DARS, demonstrating that it provided suitable concept coverage in this population.

Sleep selectively and durably enhances memory for the sequence of real-world experiences.

Sleep is thought to play a critical role in the retention of memory for past experiences (episodic memory), reducing the rate of forgetting compared with wakefulness. Yet it remains unclear whether and how sleep actively transforms the way we remember multidimensional real-world experiences, and how such memory transformation unfolds over the days, months and years that follow. In an exception to the law of forgetting, we show that sleep actively and selectively improves the accuracy of memory for a one-time, real-world experience (an art tour)-specifically boosting memory for the order of tour items (sequential associations) versus perceptual details from the tour (featural associations).

New remarkably complete skeleton of Mixodectes reveals arboreality in a large Paleocene primatomorphan mammal following the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction.

Mixodectids are poorly understood placental mammals from the Paleocene of western North America that have variably been considered close relatives of euarchontan mammals (primates, dermopterans, and scandentians) with hypothesized relationships to colugos, extinct plagiomenids, and/or microsyopid plesiadapiforms. Here we describe the most complete dentally associated skeleton yet recovered for a mixodectid, specifically Mixodectes pungens from the early Paleocene of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. A partial skull with all the teeth erupted and associated axial skeleton, forelimbs, and hind limbs, with epiphyses fused, indicate that it was a mature adult.

Application of the defect distribution index to functional lung MRI of pediatric cystic fibrosis lung disease and controls.

Introduction: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung usually assesses lung impairment as ventilation defect percentage (VDP). However, VDP only reflects the overall burden of disease and does not characterize the regional distribution (i.e.

Innate immune system signaling and intestinal dendritic cells migration to the brain underlie behavioral changes after microbial colonization in adult mice.

Background And Aims: Accumulating evidence suggests the microbiota is a key factor in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI), by affecting host immune and neural systems. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive due to their complexity and clinical heterogeneity of patients with DGBIs. We aimed to identify neuroimmune pathways that are critical in microbiota-gut-brain communication during de novo gut colonization.

Right heart failure and mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions.

Aims: To assess the association between right heart failure (RHF) and mortality in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention (TTVI), and to determine whether clinical RHF status reduces the survival benefit of successful versus failed TTVI.

Methods And Results: The TriValve International Registry (Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Therapies) is a multicenter registry collecting data of patients with symptomatic, severe or greater TR undergoing TTVI. The population was stratified according to RHF status defined by the following clinical criteria: history of previous hospitalization for RHF (<1 year) OR presence of signs of RHF (jugular venous distension, ascites, peripheral oedema) OR high dose diuretic (≥125 mg/day of furosemide or equivalent).

A review of Canadian online resources providing information on COVID-19 vaccination for caregivers of children aged 5-11 years.

Background And Objectives: Vaccination is one of the most searched health topics online, yet the quality of resources varies considerably. This study evaluated the quality of Canadian COVID-19 vaccines online resources for caregivers of 5-11-year-old children.

Methods: We reviewed Canadian public-facing websites from academic pediatric hospitals, governments, professional organizations, and public health authorities until April 22, 2022.

Tuft resorption in patients with psoriatic arthritis.

Objectives: Tuft resorption (TR) is an important radiographic feature of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We aimed to define the prevalence of TR in patients with PsA, the clinical and radiographic features associated with it, and the risk factors for its occurrence.

Methods: We included patients with PsA followed at our prospective observational cohort.

A novel label-free immunosensor for detection of VEGF using FFT admittance voltammetry.

This study presents a novel, label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a crucial tumor biomarker. The immunosensor was developed by electrochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs-rGO) nanocomposite on glassy carbon (GC) and screen-printed carbon (SPC) electrodes. A specific monoclonal antibody against VEGF was immobilized on the electrode surface through a carbodiimide coupling reaction.

Real-World Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Patients With Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Unresponsive High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Multicountry Medical Chart Review.

Introduction: Treatment patterns for patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who are ineligible for or decline radical cystectomy (RC) are inconsistently reported. We retrospectively described demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics for these patients and assessed their clinical outcomes.

Patients And Methods: Medical charts of patients with BCG-unresponsive high-risk NMIBC (carcinoma in situ [cohort A] or T1/high-grade Ta [cohort B]) who were ineligible for or declined RC documented between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2018, at 15 academic centers were reviewed.

The Cloverleaf Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Technique for Repair of Challenging Macular Holes.

Purpose: This study introduces the Cloverleaf Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM) flap technique for managing challenging macular holes, aiming to enhance ILM flap placement and improve functional and anatomical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review of cases undergoing the Cloverleaf ILM flap technique was conducted at a single center. This technique involves creating multiple ILM flaps in a cloverleaf configuration in order to enhance the stability and coverage of the macular hole.

Lipid-siRNA Organization Modulates the Intracellular Dynamics of Lipid Nanoparticles.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely used for delivering therapeutic nucleic acids, yet the relationship between their internal structure and intracellular behavior, particularly before RNA release, remains unclear. Here, we elucidate how lipid-siRNA organization within LNPs can modulate their intracellular delivery dynamics. We use cryo-electron microscopy and photochemical assays to reveal that increased siRNA loading can reduce helper lipids' distribution to the LNP surface, while siRNA consistently localizes near the surface.

eHealth Literacy 3.0: Updating the Norman and Skinner 2006 Model.

This paper advances the "eHealth Literacy 3.0" model following Norman and Skinner's 2006 original eHealth literacy 1.0 model and Norman's 2011 2.

Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Interstitial Lung Diseases in Alberta, Canada: A Population-based Study.

Background The epidemiology of adult interstitial lung disease (ILD) is uncertain, given heterogeneous estimates from prior studies. The objective of this study was to define the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of ILD over a 10-year period using population-based data. Methods We created an administrative ILD cohort in Alberta, Canada between 2010-2019 using population-based administrative data (inpatient, ambulatory, and outpatient physician billing databases) for a repeat cross-sectional study.