3D CT to 2D X-ray image registration for improved visualization of tibial vessels in endovascular procedures.

Purpose: During endovascular revascularization interventions for peripheral arterial disease, the standard modality of X-ray fluoroscopy (XRF) used for image guidance is limited in visualizing distal segments of infrapopliteal vessels. To enhance visualization of arteries, an image registration technique was developed to align pre-acquired computed tomography (CT) angiography images and to create fusion images highlighting arteries of interest.

Methods: X-ray image metadata capturing the position of the X-ray gantry initializes a multiscale iterative optimization process, which uses a local-variance masked normalized cross-correlation loss to rigidly align a digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) of the CT dataset with the target X-ray, using the edges of the fibula and tibia as the basis for alignment.

Emergency department ophthalmoscopy: physician confidence and clinical practices.

Objectives: Fundoscopy is crucial in the emergency department to identify or rule out serious ocular and neurological conditions. Despite its clinical importance, fundoscopy is often omitted due to the technical challenges associated with traditional direct ophthalmoscopy, particularly for non-ophthalmologists. This study examines emergency physicians' practices, confidence levels, and training related to various modalities of fundoscopy including traditional direct ophthalmoscopes, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopes, panoptic ophthalmoscopes, slit lamp fundoscopy and fundus cameras; and explores the potential role of alternative modalities, such as fundus cameras, in Canadian emergency departments.

Segmentation aware probabilistic phenotyping of single-cell spatial protein expression data.

Spatial protein expression technologies can map cellular content and organization by simultaneously quantifying the expression of >40 proteins at subcellular resolution within intact tissue sections and cell lines. However, necessary image segmentation to single cells is challenging and error prone, easily confounding the interpretation of cellular phenotypes and cell clusters. To address these limitations, we present STARLING, a probabilistic machine learning model designed to quantify cell populations from spatial protein expression data while accounting for segmentation errors.

Therapeutic reduction of neurocan in murine intracerebral hemorrhage lesions promotes oligodendrogenesis and functional recovery.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes prominent deposition of extracellular matrix molecules, particularly the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) member neurocan. In tissue culture, neurocan impedes the properties of oligodendrocytes. Whether therapeutic reduction of neurocan promotes oligodendrogenesis and functional recovery in ICH is unknown.

Study protocol for a Prospective Observational study of Safety Threats and Adverse events in Trauma (PrO-STAT): a pilot study at a level-1 trauma centre in Canada.

Introduction: Traumatic injuries are a significant public health concern globally, resulting in substantial mortality, hospitalisation and healthcare burden. Despite the establishment of specialised trauma centres, there remains considerable variability in trauma-care practices and outcomes, particularly in the initial phase of trauma resuscitation in the trauma bay. This stage is prone to preventable errors leading to adverse events (AEs) that can impact patient outcomes.

Prognostic Value of Response Evaluation Using PSMA PET/CT in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer (RECIP 1.0): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Rationale And Objectives: Recently, the Response Evaluation Using PSMA PET/CT in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (RECIP 1.0) was proposed to better evaluate treatment response in prostate cancer patients using PET/CT with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) than more traditional approaches like metabolic PET evaluation response criteria in solid tumor (PERCIST 1.0).

Overall and late mortality among 24 459 survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer in Alberta, Canada: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors are at an increased risk of premature mortality due to their cancer and its treatment. Herein, we aimed to quantify the excess risks of mortality among AYA cancer survivors and identify target populations for intervention.

Methods: The Alberta AYA Cancer Survivor Study is a retrospective, population-based cohort of individuals diagnosed with a first primary neoplasm at age 15-39 years in Alberta, Canada, between 1983 and 2017.

3-year Outcomes of Botulinum Toxin versus Strabismus Surgery for the Treatment of Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia in Children.

Introduction: Botulinum toxin is an alternative to conventional strabismus surgery for treatment for acute, acquired, comitant esotropia (AACE). Previous studies suggest that the two treatment approaches may be equally effective for 6 months. The purpose of our study was to determine whether botulinum toxin remains as effective as strabismus surgery for 36 months after treatment.

Pelvic regional control with 25Gy in 5 fractions in SBRT for high risk prostate cancer: Pooled prospective outcomes from the SHARP consortium.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of 25Gy/5# prophylactic pelvic nodal irradiation for regional control during stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) for high risk prostate cancer.

Methods: The multinational XXXX consortium database of patients treated with curative-intent prostate SBRT for high risk prostate cancer was queried for prophylactic radiotherapy 25Gy/5# to the pelvic lymph nodes. Details of Phoenix-defined biochemical failure, and location of recurrence (local, regional, or distant) were extracted.

Mapping global evidence of caregiver experiences in bipolar disorder in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) imposes significant social, psychological, and economic burdens on individuals and their caregivers. While developing treatments for BD patients is crucial, supportive interventions for caregivers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are equally important, given the limited resources and healthcare infrastructure. Understanding caregiver experiences in these settings is essential for creating effective interventions.

Updates on Recent Advances in the Therapy of Adult Psoriatic Disease.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with various joint and skin manifestations and multiple associated comorbidities. The management of PsA is important not only in controlling disease activity and preventing subsequent damage but also in improving the quality of life and reducing mortality. Over the years, numerous drugs have been introduced into the therapeutic armamentarium of the disease.

Overcoming CD226-related immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia with CD38 CAR-engineered NK cells.

CD226 plays a vital role in natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, interacting with its ligands CD112 and CD155 to initiate immune synapse formation, primarily through leukocyte function-associated-1 (LFA-1). Our study examined the role of CD226 in NK cell surveillance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). NK cells in patients with AML had lower expression of CD226.

Exploring the challenges in manual wheelchair operation for new users.

This exploratory qualitative study examines the challenges faced by manual wheelchair (MWC) users and their clinicians, with a focus on mobility difficulties in both outdoor and indoor environments, as well as training priorities. The study involved semi-structured interviews with 18 clinicians and 25 MWC users from various rehabilitation centres. The interviews, lasting between 30 and 60 minutes, explored specific aspects of MWC use, including mobility challenges, training needs, and psychological factors.

Use and knowledge of the two FIGO systems for nongestational abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: A multinational survey.

Objective: To evaluate the worldwide use of FIGO's two systems for the classification of causes and contributors to nongestational abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years by obstetrics and gynecology professionals worldwide, to identify knowledge gaps, and explore barriers to implementation.

Methods: An electronic survey was developed by members of FIGO's Menstrual Disorders and Related Health Impacts (MDRHI) Committee to assess knowledge of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and the two FIGO AUB systems among obstetricians and gynecologists. The survey was conducted online from February 28 to June 30, 2023, and comprised demographic questions, educational content inquiries, and a knowledge assessment.

Fox Insight: Most Bothersome Symptoms in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Limited evidence exists regarding the meaningfulness of symptoms experienced in early Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objectives: To identify the most bothersome symptoms experienced by people with early PD, leveraging data from the Parkinson's Disease Patient Report of Problems (PD-PROP) questionnaire within the Fox Insight Study.

Methods: Individuals with a self-reported diagnosis of PD completed the PD-PROP questionnaire, reporting up to five most bothersome symptoms.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Built environment change for injury prevention: insights from public health professionals across public health units in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Road-related injuries and deaths are among the most significant and avoidable public health problems in Canada. Modifications to the built environment (BE) can reduce injury rates for vulnerable road users (VRUs) and other priority populations who experience disproportionate risk. This paper highlights public health professionals' experiences working in injury prevention across Ontario public health units (PHUs) navigating barriers and facilitators to BE change.

Antidepressants and Weight Gain: An Update on the Evidence and Clinical Implications.

Purpose Of Review: To highlight recent research on antidepressant use and weight change and explore best clinical practices for reducing weight gain and obesity risk in individuals with depression.

Recent Findings: Research on antidepressant use and weight gain suggests that genetic and biological factors including metabolizer phenotypes and inflammation can help to predict an individual's threshold for weight change among specific agents. For individuals with increased susceptibility to metabolic complications, medications including bupropion, fluoxetine, and newer agents (e.

Development of a patient-oriented transfer tool for transition from the intensive care unit to the ward: a mixed methods study.

Purpose: The use of patient/family-centred written summaries to supplement verbal information may be useful to improve knowledge and reduce anxiety related to patient transfer from the intensive care unit (ICU) to a hospital ward. We aimed to identify essential elements to include in an ICU-specific patient-oriented discharge summary tool (PODS-ICU).

Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study.

ZIC1 is a context-dependent medulloblastoma driver in the rhombic lip.

Transcription factors are frequent cancer driver genes, exhibiting noted specificity based on the precise cell of origin. We demonstrate that ZIC1 exhibits loss-of-function (LOF) somatic events in group 4 (G4) medulloblastoma through recurrent point mutations, subchromosomal deletions and mono-allelic epigenetic repression (60% of G4 medulloblastoma). In contrast, highly similar SHH medulloblastoma exhibits distinct and diametrically opposed gain-of-function mutations and copy number gains (20% of SHH medulloblastoma).