Health needs of older people and age-inclusive health care in humanitarian emergencies in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Health needs of older people in humanitarian settings are poorly documented, negatively affecting the appropriateness of health services they receive. This Review identified the major health needs of older people across humanitarian contexts, including non-communicable diseases and mental health conditions (eg, psychological distress and depression). Barriers to health care of older people included inaccessibility of health-care services; shortage of appropriate health care; insufficient availability of medications and medical equipment; poor geriatric expertise of health-care staff, health policy makers, and health authorities; and age discrimination by health-care personnel.

Mechanical properties of the bicipital aponeurosis.

As a biarticular muscle, the biceps brachii both supinates the forearm and flexes the elbow and shoulder, thus allowing the upper limb to perform a variety of activities of daily living (ADL). The biceps brachii originates on the coracoid apex as well as the supraglenoid tubercle and inserts on the radial tuberosity. At the distal end, the bicipital aponeurosis (BA) provides a transition of the biceps tendon into the antebrachial fascia.

Longitudinal associations between intersectional stigmas, antiretroviral therapy adherence, and viral load among women living with HIV using multidimensional latent transition item response analysis.

Background: In the US, Women, especially Black and Latina women living in disadvantaged environments, are disproportionally affected by HIV. Women living with HIV (WLHIV) have higher rates of suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, and detectable viral load (VL). Experiences of intersectional poverty, HIV, gender, and racial stigmas may increase the rates of detectable VL through suboptimal ART adherence.

Tirzepatide Associated With Reduced Albuminuria in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Post Hoc Analysis From the Randomized Active- and Placebo-Controlled SURPASS-1-5 Clinical Trials.

Objective: Tirzepatide, a long-acting, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, reduced urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in people with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk in the SURPASS-4 trial. To examine the generalizability of these findings, we assessed change from baseline in UACR for tirzepatide (5, 10, and 15 mg) compared with active and placebo treatment in a broad population from the SURPASS-1-5 trials.

Research Design And Methods: This post hoc analysis examined data from the overall pooled SURPASS-1-5 population and subgroups defined by baseline UACR ≥30 mg/g.

TNF/TNFR Superfamily Members in Costimulation of T Cell Responses-Revisited.

Prosurvival tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily (TNFRSF) members on T cells, including 4-1BB, CD27, GITR, and OX40, support T cell accumulation during clonal expansion, contributing to T cell memory. During viral infection, tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members on inflammatory monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) provide a postpriming signal (signal 4) for T cell accumulation, particularly in the tissues. Patients with loss-of-function mutations in TNFR/TNFSF members reveal a critical role for 4-1BB and CD27 in CD8 T cell control of Epstein-Barr virus and other childhood infections and of OX40 in CD4 T cell responses.

How Should Epidemiologists Respond to Data Genocide?

Data quality for and about American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people is undermined by deeply entrenched, colonial practices that have become standard in US federal data systems. This article draws on cases of maternal mortality and COVID-19 to demonstrate the ethical and clinical need for inclusive, diverse, and accurate data when researching AI/AN health trends. This article further argues that epidemiologists specifically must challenge implicit bias, question methods and practices, and recognize colonial, racist reporting practices about AI/AN people that have long undermined data collection, analytical, and dissemination practices that are fundamental to epidemiological research.

Transplant-Free Approach in Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Retrieval strategies for children, adolescents, and young adults with relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) aim to maintain efficacy while minimizing long-term toxic effects. Children, adolescents, and young adults with low-risk, relapsed cHL may benefit from replacing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant with less intensive involved-site radiotherapy (ISRT).

Objective: To evaluate a risk-stratified, response-adapted, transplant-free approach for treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with low-risk relapsed cHL with nivolumab plus brentuximab vedotin (BV) followed by BV plus bendamustine for patients with suboptimal response and ISRT (30.

Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening Using Digital Mammography in Canada.

Importance: Evolving breast cancer treatments have led to improved outcomes but carry a substantial financial burden. The association of treatment costs with the cost-effectiveness of screening mammography is unknown.

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of population-based breast cancer screening in the context of current treatment standards.

The radiologic spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors in emergent care.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a diverse group of neoplasms whose prevalence is increasing globally, primarily due to advancements in diagnostic techniques. NETs arise from cells of the diffuse endocrine system and can occur in various locations, with the gastrointestinal tract being the most common. Their diverse clinical presentations, which range from asymptomatic to severe hormone-induced syndromes, pose significant diagnostic challenges.

Intra- and interobserver agreement in evaluation of image-defined risk factors on computed tomography in pediatric neuroblastoma.

Background: Image-defined risk factors (IDRFs) were introduced to provide a consensus approach for pre-treatment risk stratification on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with neuroblastoma.

Objective: To assess the intra- and inter-reader agreement of radiologists in identifying IDRFs on CT.

Materials And Methods: Approval for this retrospective study was granted by our institutional research ethics board with a waiver of consent.

Artificial intelligence-based cardiovascular/stroke risk stratification in women affected by autoimmune disorders: a narrative survey.

Women are disproportionately affected by chronic autoimmune diseases (AD) like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjögren's syndrome. Traditional evaluations often underestimate the associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke risk in women having AD. Vitamin D deficiency increases susceptibility to these conditions.

MICAL2 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest solid cancers; thus, identifying more effective therapies is a major unmet need. In this study, we characterized the super enhancer (SE) landscape of human PDAC to identify drivers of the disease that might be targetable. This analysis revealed MICAL2 as a super enhancer-associated gene in human PDAC, which encodes the flavin monooxygenase MICAL2 that induces actin depolymerization and indirectly promotes SRF transcription by modulating the availability of serum response factor coactivators myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTF-A and MRTF-B).

Outcomes among patients with coronary artery bypass grafts presenting with acute coronary syndrome: impact of revascularization.

Background: Patients post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) can re-present with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, culprit lesion identification, as well as revascularization, is often challenging. Furthermore, the impact of revascularization in this patient group is relatively unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with previous CABG surgery presenting with ACS.

Sex-Based Differences in Endovascular Thrombectomy Outcomes for Large Ischemic Stroke: A SELECT2 Subanalysis.

Background: Several social and biological factors are shown to differentially affect stroke outcomes between men and women. We evaluated whether clinical outcomes and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) treatment effects differed between the sexes in patients presenting with large ischemic stroke.

Methods: The SELECT2 trial (A Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize Patient's Selection for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke) was a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of EVT in patients with large strokes across the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand between October 2019 and September 2022.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and subsequent cardiovascular disease in a period of rising diagnoses: Cohort study.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with subsequent cardiovascular disease; however, it is unclear what impact changes in screening and diagnostic criteria have had on the association of GDM with long-term outcomes such as cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between GDM and subsequent cardiovascular disease during a period of rising gestational diabetes diagnosis in England. Specifically, associations were compared before and after 2008, when national guidelines supporting risk factor-based screening were introduced.

Delayed Postoperative Radiotherapy in Head & Neck Cancers-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of delayed postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on overall survival (OS) in patients with head and neck cancers (HNC).

Data Sources: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases.

Review Methods: Studies assessing the impact of delayed PORT in adult HNC patients were included.

YUTO MMS: A comprehensive SLAM dataset for urban mobile mapping with tilted LiDAR and panoramic camera integration.

The York University Teledyne Optech (YUTO) Mobile Mapping System (MMS) Dataset, encompassing four sequences totaling 20.1 km, was thoroughly assembled through two data collection expeditions on August 12, 2020, and June 21, 2019. Acquisitions were performed using a uniquely equipped vehicle, fortified with a panoramic camera, a tilted LiDAR, a Global Positioning System (GPS), and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), journeying through two strategic locations: the York University Keele Campus in Toronto and the Teledyne Optech headquarters in City of Vaughan, Canada.

The fungal gut microbiota in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.

Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the majority of the studies have focused on gut bacterial communities; none have examined the fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in persons with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). We examined the gut mycobiota in persons with and without POMS through a cross-sectional examination of the gut mycobiota from 46 participants' stool samples (three groups: 18 POMS, 13 acquired monophasic demyelinating syndromes [monoADS], and 15 unaffected controls).

Antiplatelet Prophylaxis Reduces the Risk of Early Hepatic Artery Thrombosis Following Liver Transplantation in High-Risk Patients.

The prevention of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) is pivotal for graft survival immediately after liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed to identify risk factors (RF) for early HAT (eHAT) and assess the benefit of antiplatelet prophylaxis (AP). This retrospective single-center study included 836 adult patients who underwent LT between 2007 and 2022.

The influence of stories including myths of origin.

Sijilmassi et al. argue that myths serve to gain coalitional support by detailing shared histories of ancestry and cooperation. They overlook the emotional influences of stories, which include myths of human origin.

Historical myths promote cooperation through affective states.

Although we agree that historical myths function to increase cooperation in the groups that share them, we propose that the mechanisms at work may include affective states. We suggest that sharing historical myths can create a felt sense of intimacy, similarity, and security among group members, which increases trust and motivates cooperation, even without particular beliefs about population structure.