Coffee Consumption, Additive Use, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes- Results from Three Large Prospective US Cohort Studies.

Background: Consumption of coffee has been consistently associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is unknown whether the use of additives may modify the association.

Objective: To study the association between coffee consumption and risk of T2D by considering the addition of sugar, artificial sweeteners, cream or a non-dairy coffee whitener.

The Roles of Cannabis Potency and Gender in Cannabis Dependence and Anxiety in Recent Cannabis Users with Trauma Exposure Histories.

Over the past 20 years, levels of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis have significantly increased, while levels of cannabidiol (CBD) have increased much less in comparison. Cannabis with higher THC potency (commonly assessed via THC:CBD ratio) may increase the risk for cannabis dependence and trigger/exacerbate anxiety. However, few studies of cannabis potency effects on cannabis dependence and anxiety have examined gender moderation.

Malignant hematologic oncology referrals to an outpatient palliative care clinic at a tertiary cancer center.

Context: Hematological malignancies represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with variable and often unpredictable illness trajectories. Comparisons between hematological and solid tumor malignancy referrals to an outpatient palliative care clinic have not been explored.

Objectives: This study compared characteristics, referral trends, and time from first palliative care clinic visit to death between patients with hematological and solid tumor malignancies.

Low-dose aspirin versus placebo in postpartum venous thromboembolism: a multi-national, pilot, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Despite the morbidity and mortality of venous thromboembolism, there is little evidence to guide postpartum thromboprophylaxis in patients at moderate risk. We aimed to assess the feasibility of conducting a double-blind, randomised trial of aspirin versus placebo in postpartum individuals with two or more venous thromboembolism risk factors, mild-to-moderate thrombophilia, or both.

Methods: The pilot PARTUM trial, a multi-national, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, was conducted in seven centres across Canada, France, Ireland, and the Netherlands.

A discriminative multi-modal adaptation neural network model for video action recognition.

Research on video-based understanding and learning has attracted widespread interest and has been adopted in various real applications, such as e-healthcare, action recognition, affective computing, to name a few. Amongst them, video-based action recognition is one of the most representative examples. With the advancement of multi-sensory technology, action recognition using multi-modal data has recently drawn wide attention.

Local Control for Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Extremities: Is Radiotherapy Always Required After Adequate Surgical Resection? A CanSaRCC Study.

Objectives: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and young adults. Typically, treatment involves a multimodal approach, with radiotherapy (RT) being a standard choice alongside surgical resection for local control, particularly in cases harboring fusions involving FOXO1. However, the long-term consequences of offering RT especially to the extremity in children can be significant including growth delay, contracture, arthritis, and secondary malignancy.

The Relationship between Homocysteine Levels, Polymorphism, and Pregnancy Outcomes in Georgian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Over the past decade, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the role of homocysteine and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase () gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet the results are inconsistent. The aim of the current study was to determine the association between homocysteine levels (Hcy), ) and A1298C polymorphisms, and pregnancy outcomes in Georgian women with PCOS.

Materials And Methods: This case-control study included 177 female participants, of which 96 women were diagnosed with PCOS, and 81 age-matched women were without PCOS.

Perspectives on which health settings geriatricians should staff: a qualitative study of patients, care providers and health administrators.

Background: With a shortage of geriatricians and an aging population, strategies are needed to optimise the distribution of geriatricians across different healthcare settings (acute care, rehabilitation and community clinics). The perspectives of knowledge users on staffing geriatricians in different healthcare settings are unknown. We aimed to understand the acceptability and feasibility (including barriers and facilitators) of implementing a geriatrician-led comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in acute care, rehabilitation, and community clinic settings.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experiences of underrepresented-in-medicine women applicants to surgical residency.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought additional challenges to the 2020-2021 application cycle. The objective of this study was to explore how such challenges altered the perceptions/motivations/concerns of applicants to surgical fields, particularly those self-identifying as women underrepresented-in-medicine (UiM).

Methods: An anonymous mixed-methods survey was electronically distributed to all medical student members of the Association of Women Surgeons between 10/1/2020-12/31/2020.

Appendicectomy versus antibiotics for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children: an open-label, international, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Support for the treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis with non-operative management rather than surgery has been increasing in the literature. We aimed to investigate whether treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis with antibiotics in children is inferior to appendicectomy by comparing failure rates for the two treatments.

Methods: In this pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, unmasked, randomised, non-inferiority trial, children aged 5-16 years with suspected non-perforated appendicitis (based on clinical diagnosis with or without radiological diagnosis) were recruited from 11 children's hospitals in Canada, the USA, Finland, Sweden, and Singapore.

The 2024 American Association for Thoracic Surgery expert consensus document: Current standards in donor lung procurement and preservation.

Background: Donor lung procurement and preservation is critical for lung transplantation success. Unfortunately, the large variability in techniques impacts organ utilization rates and transplantation outcomes. Compounding this variation, recent developments in cold static preservation and new technological advances with machine perfusion have increased the complexity of the procedure.

International Expert-Based Consensus Definition, Classification Criteria, and Minimum Data Elements for Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw: An Inter-Disciplinary Modified Delphi Study.

Purpose: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) is a severe iatrogenic disease characterized by bone death after radiation therapy (RT) to the head and neck. With over 9 published definitions and at least 16 classification systems, the true incidence and severity of ORNJ are obscured by lack of a standard for disease definition and severity assessment, leading to inaccurate estimation of incidence, reporting ambiguity, and likely under-diagnosis worldwide. This study aimed to achieve consensus on an explicit definition and phenotype of ORNJ and related precursor states through data standardization to facilitate effective diagnosis, monitoring, and multidisciplinary management of ORNJ.

Claudin 18.2 Expression in 1,404 Digestive Tract Adenocarcinomas including 1,175 Colorectal Carcinomas: Distinct Colorectal Carcinoma Subtypes are Claudin 18.2 Positive.

Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) immunohistochemical expression can be used to select patients with gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas for zolbetuximab (IMAB362) therapy, a monoclonal antibody targeting CLDN18.

Laccase immobilized on reduced graphene oxide sponges for simultaneous adsorption and enzymatic degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals.

The presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water can impart detrimental effects on public health by mimicking the behaviors of natural hormones and their associated receptors in human body. Studies have demonstrated that ligninolytic enzymes such as laccase can degrade various phenolic compounds, including a broad range of EDCs. In this study, the technique of covalent immobilization of laccase through carbodiimide coupling chemistry on highly adsorptive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sponges was utilized to effectively remove two representative EDCs; namely, bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) from water.

Individualized transfusion decisions to minimize adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and anemia.

Background: Risk-benefit tradeoffs between restrictive versus liberal red blood cell transfusion strategies may vary across individuals. This exploratory analysis aimed to derive and evaluate individualized treatment effects of defined transfusion strategies in patients with acute MI and anemia with the goal of minimizing adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: This study analyzed 3,447 (98.

Using Otoliths to Understand Historic and Contemporary Selenium Exposure in Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Kluane National Park and Reserve, Yukon Territory.

The Kokanee salmon population in Kluane National Park and Reserve (Yukon Territory) declined significantly between 2002 and 2012. Elevated levels of selenium (Se), which can affect fish reproduction, were recently measured in waters used by spawning Kokanee. To investigate whether Se may be contributing to long-term population declines, and in the absence of long-term data on aqueous Se concentrations, Se concentrations in sagittal otoliths - fish ear-bones that chronicle lifetime exposure - were measured and compared in Kokanee sampled in 1981 (a year with many spawners) and 2019-2021.

Neural sensitivity to others' belief states in infancy predicts later theory of mind reasoning in childhood.

While pre-verbal infants may be sensitive to others' mental states, they are not able to accurately answer questions about them until several years later, an ability referred to as having a theory of mind. Here we ask whether infant social-cognitive sensitivity is subserved by the same brain mechanisms as those that support theory of mind in childhood. To do so, we explored the relationship between functional sensitivity of the right temporal-parietal junction to mental state processing in infancy, a region known to underlie theory of mind in older children, and explicit theory of mind reasoning in the same group several years later.

Modeling nitrous oxide emission from full-scale hybrid membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABR).

Current published models for nitrous oxide (NO) emission in membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABR) have several simplifications that are not representative of full-scale systems. This study developed an improved MABR NO model that captured commonly overlooked phenomena such as back diffusion of generated NO into MABR lumen gas and the recirculation of the NO laden lumen gas for tank mixing and biofilm thickness control. The improved model was validated with measured NO concentrations in the lumen gas phase and bulk mixed liquor in a full-scale hybrid MABR facility.

Evidence update on e-cigarette dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: We conducted this review to examine the risk of e-cigarette dependence in different populations by updating the review on this topic by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine.

Methods: Six academic databases were searched for studies published between September 2017 and December 2023. We included peer-reviewed human, animal, cell/in vitro original studies examining associations of e-cigarette use and dependence but excluded qualitative studies.