Gliomagenesis mimics an injury response orchestrated by neural crest-like cells.

Glioblastoma is an incurable brain malignancy. By the time of clinical diagnosis, these tumours exhibit a degree of genetic and cellular heterogeneity that provides few clues to the mechanisms that initiate and drive gliomagenesis. Here, to explore the early steps in gliomagenesis, we utilized conditional gene deletion and lineage tracing in tumour mouse models, coupled with serial magnetic resonance imaging, to initiate and then closely track tumour formation.

Genetic variants of accessory proteins and G proteins in human genetic disease.

We present a series of three articles on the genetics and pharmacogenetics of G protein- coupled receptors (GPCR). In the first article, we discuss genetic variants of the G protein subunits and accessory proteins that are associated with human phenotypes; in the second article, we build upon this to discuss "G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) gene variants and human genetic disease" and in the third article, we survey "G protein-coupled receptor pharmacogenomics". In the present article, we review the processes of ligand binding, GPCR activation, inactivation, and receptor trafficking to the membrane in the context of human genetic disease resulting from pathogenic variants of accessory proteins and G proteins.

Kinetic and Affinity Profiling Rare Earth Metals Using a DNA Aptamer.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in various high-tech industries. Developing affinity ligands that can detect and distinguish REEs is at the forefront of analytical chemistry. It is also interesting to understand the limits of natural biomolecules for the recognition of REEs.

Hemophilia B Leyden: Characteristics and natural history in the PedgNet Registry.

Background: A unique form of Hemophilia B (HB) is HB Leyden. We evaluated the International PedNet Registry database to explore the natural history of HB Leyden, investigate genotype-phenotype associations and guide clinical decision-making.

Objectives: To assess the association between genetic variants, endogenous factor (FIX) levels over time, treatment and bleeding phenotype in children with HB Leyden.

The Continuous Fragility Index of Outcomes in Rotator Cuff Repair Augmentation Randomized Trials: A Systematic Review.

Background: Symptomatic rotator cuff tears often undergo surgical repair, which may be paired with various augmentation strategies to enhance structural healing rates. While many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluate augmentation techniques, the statistical robustness of many findings in these studies is unknown. This systematic review aims to evaluate the continuous fragility index (CFI) of RCTs on augmentation techniques for rotator cuff repairs.

Prediction of good neurological outcome after return of circulation following paediatric cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To evaluate the ability of blood-biomarkers, clinical examination, electrophysiology, or neuroimaging, assessed within 14 days from return of circulation to predict good neurological outcome in children following out- or in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Trials databases were searched (2010-2023). Sensitivity and false positive rates (FPR) for good neurological outcome (defined as either 'no, mild, moderate disability or minimal change from baseline') in paediatric survivors were calculated for each predictor.

Intraosseous and intravenous vascular access during adult cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To summarise evidence on the clinical effectiveness of initial vascular attempts via the intraosseous route compared to the intravenous route in adult cardiac arrest.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Embase (OVID platform), the Cochrane library, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception to September 4 2024 for randomised clinical trials comparing the intraosseous route with the intravenous route in adult cardiac arrest. Our primary outcome was 30-day survival.

Are enteral devices risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infections in children with intestinal failure?

Background & Aims: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) represent one of the most common and serious complications in children with intestinal failure (IF). This study aimed to assess if there is an association between the use of enteral devices (feeding tubes and stomas) with rate of CLABSI after adjusting for clinically relevant factors. Second, association between enteral devices with time to first CLABSI event was evaluated.

Deep terrestrial indigenous microbial community dominated by Frackibacter.

Characterizing deep subsurface microbial communities informs our understanding of Earth's biogeochemistry as well as the search for life beyond the Earth. Here we characterized microbial communities within the Kidd Creek Observatory subsurface fracture water system with mean residence times of hundreds of millions to over one billion years. 16S rRNA analysis revealed that biosamplers well isolated from the mine environment were dominated by a putatively anaerobic and halophilic bacterial species from the family, Frackibacter.

The Efficacy and Tolerability of Prostaglandin Analogues in Treating Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Raynaud Phenomenon: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Systemic sclerosis-associated Raynaud phenomenon (SSc-RP) confers poor outcomes, including ulceration, gangrene, autoamputation, and hand disability. Prostaglandin analogues (PG) are a group of prostacyclin-derived drugs with properties that may address underlying complex mechanisms of SSc-RP. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of PGs in SSc-RP.

Psychedelics for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Interpreting and Translating Available Evidence and Guidance for Future Research.

During the past decade, there has been extraordinary public, media, and medical research interest in psychedelics as promising therapeutics for difficult-to-treat psychiatric disorders. Short-term controlled trial data suggest that certain psychedelics are effective and safe in the treatment of major depressive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Preliminary evidence also supports efficacy in other psychiatric disorders (e.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease: An ESPGHAN position paper from the Hepatology Committee and the IBD Porto group.

Objective: We aimed to provide an evidence-supported approach to diagnose, monitor, and treat children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Methods: The core group formulated seven PICO-structured clinical questions. A systematic literature search from inception to December 2022 was conducted by a medical librarian using MEDLINE and EMBASE.

Interpretation and classification of FBN1 variants associated with Marfan syndrome: consensus recommendations from the Clinical Genome Resource's FBN1 variant curation expert panel.

Background: In 2015, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) developed standardized variant curation guidelines for Mendelian disorders. Although these guidelines have been widely adopted, they are not gene- or disease-specific. To mitigate classification discrepancies, the Clinical Genome Resource FBN1 variant curation expert panel (VCEP) was established in 2018 to develop adaptations to the ACMG/AMP criteria for FBN1 in association with Marfan syndrome.

Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced neuroinflammation and better cognitive control in people living with HIV.

People living with HIV (HIV+) are roughly twice as likely to smoke cigarettes (Smok+) as the general population. With the advent of effective antiretroviral therapies, it is increasingly important to understand the effects of chronic HIV infection and cigarette smoking on brain function and cognition since HIV+ individuals have heightened neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits even with such therapies. Based on prior studies demonstrating that smoking reduces a marker for neuroinflammation in HIV- individuals, we hypothesized that HIV+/Smok+ individuals would have less neuroinflammation and better cognitive control than HIV+/Smok- individuals.

Parental separation following preterm delivery in Canada: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To examine the association between preterm delivery and parental separation and identify associated risk factors.

Methods: All opposite sex, married or common-law parents whose relationship status was available at index delivery and for the next 5 years were eligible in this retrospective population-based cohort study in Manitoba, Canada. Parents of children born preterm were matched 1:5 to parents of children born full-term.

Scoping review of social workers' professional roles in primary care.

Objectives: Maximising social workers' contributions to primary care requires clarity about their scope of practice in this context. This scoping review sought to clarify what is known about social work's scope of practice in primary care settings.

Design: A scoping review design guided by the five-stage scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley and the updated JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis.

Identification of a T2-hyperintense Perivascular Space in Brain Arteriovenous Malformations.

Background/aim: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular malformations characterized by dysmorphic, aberrant vasculature. During previous surgeries of compact nidus brain AVMs (representing the majority of cases), we have observed a "shiny" plane between nidal and perinidal AVM vessels and the surrounding grey and white matter and hypothesized that preoperative neuroimaging of brain AVMs may show a neuroradiological correlate of these intraoperative observations.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed multiplanar and multisequence 3-Tesla magnetic resonance (3T MR) imaging in five consecutive brain AVMs with special attention on imaging characteristics of the brain-AVM interface, i.

The mechanisms of electrical neuromodulation.

The central and peripheral nervous systems are specialized to conduct electrical currents that underlie behaviour. When this multidimensional electrical system is disrupted by degeneration, damage, or disuse, externally applied electrical currents may act to modulate neural structures and provide therapeutic benefit. The administration of electrical stimulation can exert precise and multi-faceted effects at cellular, circuit and systems levels to restore or enhance the functionality of the central nervous system by providing an access route to target specific cells, fibres of passage, neurotransmitter systems, and/or afferent/efferent communication to enable positive changes in behaviour.