The Spiral of Tillaux: dead on accurate; a cadaveric study.

Introduction: The Spiral of Tillaux describes the historically accepted insertion distances of the medial rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, and superior rectus from the limbus: 5.5 mm, 6.5 mm, 6.

BR-bodies promote fitness during host colonization.

Biomolecular condensates, such as the nucleoli or P-bodies, are non-membrane-bound assemblies of proteins and nucleic acids that facilitate specific cellular processes. Like eukaryotic P-bodies, the recently discovered bacterial ribonucleoprotein bodies (BR-bodies) organize the mRNA decay machinery, yet the similarities in molecular and cellular functions across species have been poorly explored. Here, we examine the functions of BR-bodies in the nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont , which colonizes the roots of compatible legume plants.

Isolated Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome: A Case of Rhabdomyolysis-induced Myoglobinuria and Acute Kidney Injury after Opioid Overdose.

Introduction: The association between rhabdomyolysis secondary to traumatic crush injuries and the resultant acute kidney injury has been well described . The pathway of opioid overdose and acute kidney injury (AKI) has been documented but not fully elucidated. This process is believed to be multifactorial in its pathophysiology, but it remains obscure.

Fishtail Deformity after Type 2 Supracondylar Humerus Fracture with Development of Symptomatic Loose Body: A Case Report.

Introduction: Supracondylar humerus fractures are one of the most common fractures in children and have been reported to represent up to 16% of all pediatric fractures. While most fractures heal uneventfully with appropriate treatment, there are several known complications that can occur including loss of motion, malunion, and neurovascular injury. One uncommon, yet significant, complication is termed the "Fishtail" deformity.

Synaptotagmin-7 enhances calcium-sensing of chromaffin cell granules and slows discharge of granule cargos.

Synaptotagmin-7 (Syt-7) is one of two major calcium sensors for exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells, the other being synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1). Despite a broad appreciation for the importance of Syt-7, questions remain as to its localization, function in mediating discharge of dense core granule cargos, and role in triggering release in response to physiological stimulation. These questions were addressed using two distinct experimental preparations-mouse chromaffin cells lacking endogenous Syt-7 (KO cells) and a reconstituted system employing cell-derived granules expressing either Syt-7 or Syt-1.

Technical considerations in nonreconstructive mastectomy patients.

Background: Not all women undergo post-mastectomy breast reconstruction due to medical comorbidities or personal preference. An aesthetically pleasing closure and contour of the chest wall is still desired, though may be technically difficult to achieve in some patients. By combining techniques and lessons learned from breast reductions and female-to-male mastectomies (FTTM), we present a technical approach to aesthetic primary closure post-mastectomy that can be utilized in patients regardless of preoperative breast size.

Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging with Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Node Biopsy in Melanoma: Increasing the Sentinel Lymph Node-Positive Rate.

Introduction: The goal of this study was to analyze patients who underwent a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in melanoma with the combination of radioisotope lymphoscintigraphy and indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging to compare our true positive (TP) rate, a means to perform immediate analysis of the SLNB, with that of the literature.

Methods: Consecutive cutaneous melanoma patients who underwent SLNB with lymphoscintigraphy and ICG-based fluorescence imaging by the senior author (BG) from 2012 to 2018 were prospectively enrolled. The average expected SLN-positive rate per T stage was calculated based on three studies and compared with our SLN-positive rate.

Vibrio responses to extracytoplasmic stress.

A critical factor for bacterial survival in any environment is the ability to sense and respond appropriately to any stresses encountered. This is especially important for bacteria that inhabit environments that are constantly changing, or for those that inhabit more than one biological niche. Vibrio species are unique in that they are aquatic organisms, and must adapt to ever-changing temperatures, salinity levels and nutrient concentrations.

A putative Vibrio cholerae two-component system controls a conserved periplasmic protein in response to the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B.

The epidemic pathogen Vibrio cholerae senses and responds to different external stresses it encounters in the aquatic environment and in the human host. One stress that V. cholerae encounters in the host is exposure to antimicrobial peptides on mucosal surfaces.

Developmental neurotoxicity and autism: A potential link between indoor neuroactive pollutants and the curious birth order risk factor.

Epidemiological and demographic studies find an increased risk of autism among first-borns. Toxicological studies show that some semi-volatile substances found in infant products produce adverse effects in neural and endocrine systems of animals, including behavioral and developmental effects. Several factors elevate the exposure of human infants to these chemicals.

Synaptotagmin isoforms confer distinct activation kinetics and dynamics to chromaffin cell granules.

Adrenomedullary chromaffin cells respond to sympathetic nervous system activation by secreting a cocktail of potent neuropeptides and hormones into the circulation. The distinct phases of the chromaffin cell secretory response have been attributed to the progressive fusion of distinct populations of dense core granules with different activation kinetics. However, it has been difficult to define what distinguishes these populations at the molecular level.

Recognition and management of perioperative serotonin syndrome.

Mild forms of serotonin syndrome can potentially be fatal, if not recognized. The increased use of serotonergic agents makes the awareness of its prevalence, various presentations, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment a clinical imperative. It is important to note that serotonin syndrome can only be diagnosed clinically in the presence of 3 clinical criteria: mental status changes, autonomic manifestations, and neuromuscular abnormalities.

The "art" of medicine and the "smokescreen" of the randomized trial off-label use of vascular devices.

Once a device is approved for sale in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it can legally be used by doctors to treat any condition a physician determines is medically appropriate. Based on postmarket published data and physician procedural experience, this may even become the standard of care when an alternative device either does not exist or is inferior in performance, even before FDA approval. This right of physicians to practice medicine without FDA approval is Federal law.