Genetic substrates of bipolar disorder risk in Latino families.

Genetic studies of bipolar disorder (BP) have been conducted in the Latin American population, to date, in several countries, including Mexico, the United States, Costa Rica, Colombia, and, to a lesser extent, Brazil. These studies focused primarily on linkage-based designs utilizing families with multiplex cases of BP. Significant BP loci were identified on Chromosomes 18, 5 and 8, and fine mapping suggested several genes of interest underlying these linkage peaks.

Hepatic transcript signatures predict atherosclerotic lesion burden prior to a 2-year high cholesterol, high fat diet challenge.

The purpose of this study was to identify molecular mechanisms by which the liver influences total lesion burden in a nonhuman primate model (NHP) of cardiovascular disease with acute and chronic feeding of a high cholesterol, high fat (HCHF) diet. Baboons (47 females, 64 males) were fed a HCHF diet for 2 years (y); liver biopsies were collected at baseline, 7 weeks (w) and 2y, and lesions were quantified in aortic arch, descending aorta, and common iliac at 2y. Unbiased weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed several modules of hepatic genes correlated with lesions at different time points of dietary challenge.

Subclinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Relation to Office and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurements.

Background: Twenty-four-hour and nighttime blood pressure (BP) levels are more strongly associated with cardiovascular risk than office or daytime BP measurements. However, it remains undocumented which of the office and ambulatory BP measurements have the strongest association and predictive information in relation to the presence of type I, or arteriolosclerosis type, cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD).

Methods: A subset of 429 participants from the Maracaibo Aging Study [aged ≥40 years (women, 73.

Primary Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for a Chronic Subdural Hematoma After Non-Accidental Trauma in a Child: A Case Report.

Chronic subdural hematoma in children can be pathognomonic of abusive head trauma. Treatment options for these range from observation to surgical evacuation depending on clinical circumstance and presenting features, which can include mental status changes, headaches, focal neurologic deficits, or asymptomatic presentation. Standalone endovascular treatments represent an area of growing interest in the adult population as an effective treatment modality.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of endovascular treatment with or without intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: Intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) may not provide additional benefit in terms of functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who undergo endovascular treatment (EVT). In this context, the cost-effectiveness of EVT alone compared with its application following IV r-tPA has not been evaluated.

Methods: The authors determined the average rates of death or disability in each of the two treatment groups from four randomized clinical trials that enrolled patients with AIS within 4.

Is the Addition of Anaerobic Coverage to Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis During Soft Tissue Sarcoma Resection Associated With a Reduction in the Proportion of Wound Complications?

Background: Wound complications are common after resection of soft tissue sarcomas, with published infection rates ranging from 10% to 35%. Multiple studies have reported on the atypical flora comprising these infections, which are often polymicrobial and contain anaerobic bacteria, and recent studies have noted the high prevalence of anaerobic bacterial infections after soft tissue sarcoma resection [ 26, 35 ]. Based on this, our institution changed clinical practice to include an antibiotic with anaerobic coverage in addition to the standard first-generation cephalosporin for prophylaxis during soft tissue sarcoma resections.

Lipidomic profiling in the Strong Heart Study identified American Indians at risk of chronic kidney disease.

Dyslipidemia associates with and usually precedes the onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but a comprehensive assessment of molecular lipid species associated with risk of CKD is lacking. Here, we sought to identify fasting plasma lipids associated with risk of CKD among American Indians in the Strong Heart Family Study, a large-scale community-dwelling of individuals, followed by replication in Mexican Americans from the San Antonio Family Heart Study and Caucasians from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study. We also performed repeated measurement analysis to examine the temporal relationship between the change in the lipidome and change in kidney function between baseline and follow-up of about five years apart.

Influence of the Human Lipidome on Epicardial Fat Volume in Mexican American Individuals.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and is the leading cause of death in the US. Lipid dysregulation is a well-known precursor to metabolic diseases, including CVD. There is a growing body of literature that suggests MRI-derived epicardial fat volume, or epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume, is linked to the development of coronary artery disease.

Rotator cuff injury in the pediatric population: a systematic review of patient characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Rotator cuff injuries (RCIs), traditionally thought to be an adult-type pathology, have been reported in the pediatric population, but there remains limited evidence regarding this injury pattern in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to characterize the epidemiology, injury patterns, treatment modalities, and outcomes for pediatric patients with RCIs. A systematic review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, reviewing Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases.

Case of cryoglobulinaemia associated with chronic hepatitis B.

We present a case of a woman in her 50s with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who had a longstanding history of arthralgia and swollen joints associated with severe fatigue. Investigations were consistent with a diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cryoglobulinaemia. Two months after treatment with tenofovir alafenamide, an antiviral therapy for HBV, there was a significant improvement of her symptoms and undetectable serum cryoglobulins.

COVID-19 infection and treatment-resistant cocaine-induced pyoderma gangrenosum: A case report.

Introduction: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis of non-infectious etiology. Cocaine-induced PG (CIPG) is a documented clinical variant.

Case Presentation: We report an exceptional case of cocaine-induced PG flare unresponsive to conventional treatment in the context of positive COVID status.

Complex chromosomal rearrangement involving 15q11-q13 interstitial triplication and duplication: A new case report of dysmorphic and neuropsychiatric features.

Our patient is the first to encompass the full spectrum of reported features related to tetrasomy of the Prader-Willi Angelman Critical Region. She has a complex chromosomal rearrangement including an interstitial triplication reported in twelve cases till date and a rare interstitial duplication reported in only four cases till date.

The Value of Rare Genetic Variation in the Prediction of Common Obesity in European Ancestry Populations.

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) aggregate the effects of genetic variants across the genome and are used to predict risk of complex diseases, such as obesity. Current PRSs only include common variants (minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥1%), whereas the contribution of rare variants in PRSs to predict disease remains unknown. Here, we examine whether augmenting the standard common variant PRS (PRS) with a rare variant PRS (PRS) improves prediction of obesity.

Patterns of Colorectal Cancer in Texas Counties From 2000 to 2017.

Purpose: Residents living in Texas counties along the United States-Mexico border make up a unique demographic. These counties consist of a large proportion of Hispanic-Latinx people who experience a high rate of health uninsurance and underinsurance, low household income averages, and, as a whole, exhibiting relatively poor health outcomes compared to the US general population. Limited information exists regarding the effects of these characteristics on the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Evidence of areca nut consumption in the United States mainland: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Areca nut (AN) is an addictive substance consumed in the Southeast region and is highly associated with oral premalignant lesions and oral cancer. The impact of AN use in the United States (US) is largely unknown, but the products are readily available and probably used by a significant fraction of Asian immigrants or descendants living in the US. We aimed at assessing AN use prevalence among the Asian community in Houston, Texas.

Disease Severity and Response to Induction Therapy in Hispanic Patients With Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-Associated Vasculitis-Related Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage.

Objectives We examined the response to induction therapy of Hispanic patients with antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV)-related diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). This study aimed to determine the severity of disease at presentation and the response to induction therapy in our patient population. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of Hispanic patients hospitalized with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis between October 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021.

Surgical management of vascular tumors and malformations of the head and neck in adults.

Vascular tumors and malformations present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to many physicians. Because these lesions are rare, few surgeons have enough experience with them other than those practicing in tertiary vascular anomaly treatment centers. Some patients may have been misdiagnosed or mistreated during childhood and present in adult age with either recurrence or with an untreated lesion.

Genetic variants in ALDH1L1 and GLDC influence the serine-to-glycine ratio in Hispanic children.

Background: Glycine is a proteogenic amino acid that is required for numerous metabolic pathways, including purine, creatine, heme, and glutathione biosynthesis. Glycine formation from serine, catalyzed by serine hydroxy methyltransferase, is the major source of this amino acid in humans. Our previous studies in a mouse model have shown a crucial role for the 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase enzyme in serine-to-glycine conversion.