Effect of dosing vehicle on the toxicity and metabolism of unsaturated aliphatic nitriles.

The effect of dosing vehicle on toxicity and metabolism of unsaturated aliphatic nitriles was investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Five unsaturated aliphatic nitriles--acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, allylnitrile, crotononitrile and fumaronitrile--were prepared in five different dosing vehicles--saline, corn oil, safflower oil, mineral oil, olive oil and Tween-20. Groups of six male rats were given 0.

Coping and culture: a research note on Diaz-Guerrero's theory.

Diaz-Guerrero hypothesized in 1967 that Anglo-Americans differed from Mexicans along a dimension of active versus passive coping styles. Specifically, he thought Anglo-Americans preferred to engage in other-modifications (active coping) whereas Mexicans preferred to engage in self-modifications (passive coping) in response to stressful events. In a test of Diaz-Guerrero's proposal the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced was given to 108 Anglo- and Hispanic-American female inmates; no differences between the groups were found on measures of active and passive coping.

Gestalt and dynamic processes in decision making.

People sometimes prefer a sure gain to a risky but possibly larger gain, a tendency known as risk-aversion. On the other hand, they may prefer a possibly larger loss to a smaller sure loss, a tendency known as risk-seeking. Experiment 1 showed that, by repeating the event, these tendencies could be substantially reduced, but not eliminated, when expected value was held constant between the sure alternative and the risky one.

Cytosystematics of five North American Amblyomma (Acarina: Ixodidae) species.

The karyotypes of 5 species of Amblyomma ticks found in North America were examined for the presence and location of constitutive heterochromatin (C-bands). All specimens examined had 20 autosomes and an XX:XO sex-determining system, with the X being the largest element in the karyotype. Except as noted in text, the autosomes of all species were acrocentric and heterochromatin was restricted to the centromeric region.

Preparing students to work with families: undergraduate and graduate education.

This article focuses on the preparation of undergraduate and graduate students in Human Communication Sciences and Disorders, for provision of services that involve families. The author discusses the identification of a family-oriented clinical model, the identification of the prerequisites needed for students' entry into clinical training in the family-oriented model, the prerequisites that students need to develop for independent clinical practice, and the management of common challenges faced by students as they participate in the family-oriented model. Evaluation forms are provided to assist the supervisor in the preparation of student clinicians.

Slowed respiration training.

A method of slowed respiration rate (RR) training is described that uses visual feedback of the respiratory cycle. Subjects assigned to the slowed RR training procedure were compared with subjects assigned to either a traditional frontal electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback condition or a control condition where no feedback was presented. RR, frontal EMG, heart rate, digital temperature, and skin conductance level were monitored simultaneously.

Headache characteristics among high school and university students.

An extensive questionnaire which addressed general health, headache characteristics, antecedents to headaches, and coping strategies after one gets a headache was administered to 837 high school and university students in south Texas. Hypotheses were confirmed that (a) university students reported greater headache severity than did high school students, and (b) females reported higher frequencies of headaches and greater headache severity than did males. Our sample from south Texas reported a much lower incidence of headache than recent reports of students from other universities.

Homology within the X chromosomes of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) and B. annulatus (Say).

Chromosome banding patterns of the X chromosomes of Boophilus annulatus (Say) and B. microplus (Canestrini) indicate considerable homology between the two species. All bands of the small X chromosome of B.

Toxicokinetics of allynitrile in rats.

The toxicity, uptake, tissue distribution, elimination, and covalent binding of [1-14C]allylnitrile (ALN) in male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Following an oral administration of 57.5 mg/kg body weight (0.

Blood donation behavior of Hispanics in the lower Rio Grande Valley.

This study was designed to determine the blood donation behavior and attitudes of Hispanic residents of the Lower Rio Grande Valley for the purpose of developing promotional and educational approaches to enhance levels of donor participation. Personal interviews of 545 respondents were conducted in English and Spanish using quota sampling and standard intercept techniques at lower- and middle-income supermarkets in five cities during a payday weekend. A number of research hypotheses were established to test for demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal differences that were observed in donors and nondonors using chi-square analysis and multiple discriminant analysis.

Methacrylonitrile: in vivo metabolism to cyanide in rats, mice, and gerbils.

Methacrylonitrile (MeAN), a widely used industrial chemical, is metabolized to cyanide in rats, mice, and gerbils. Cyanide levels following oral administration of 0.5 or 1 LD50 dose of MeAN were determined in blood and organs of treated animals.

Toxicology of methacrylonitrile.

The chemistry, industrial usage, general toxicity and experimental use of methacrylonitrile are briefly reviewed. Methacrylonitrile, a reactive, unsaturated and methylated aliphatic nitrile, has industrial applications in a variety of organic processes related to the polymer industry. Its general toxic effects are primarily related to the release of cyanide and formation of reactive metabolites containing a double bond between carbon 2 and 3.

Toxicity and tissue distribution of methacrylonitrile in rats.

The toxicity, uptake, tissue distribution, elimination, and covalent binding of 2-[14C]methyl-[2.3-14C]acrylonitrile (MeAN) in male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Following an oral administration of 100 mg/Kg body weight (0.

Auditing medical records helps reduce liability.

An internal audit of a hospital's medical records department compares the department to standards developed by the hospital and to benchmarks set by accrediting organizations. An auditor can review the department's economy and effectiveness through employee surveys, direct observation, and interviews. By uncovering deficiencies and making recommendations for their correction, an internal audit can help limit a hospital's liability exposure.

Psychophysiological responsivity on a laboratory stress task: methodological implications for a stress-muscle hyperactivity pain model.

A stress-muscle hyperactivity-pain (SMP) model has been proposed to explain the etiology of certain musculoskeletal pain disorders. According to this model, subjects should show physiological arousal during periods of stress relative to periods of rest. In a test of this prediction, 31 subjects performed a reaction time task that has been used in previous laboratory studies.

MMPI supplemental scale performance of Mexican Americans and level of acculturation.

Mexican American and Anglo American's performance on the Wiggins Content Scales, Harris-Lingoes subscales, and Serkownek subscales was assessed in a college student population. Level of acculturation (Mexican vs. Anglo orientation), age, and social class were statistically controlled.

Metabolism of methacrylonitrile to cyanide: in vitro studies.

In liver fractions from male Sprague-Dawley rats, the metabolism of methacrylonitrile (MeAN) to cyanide (CN-) was localized in microsomal fraction and required reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and oxygen for maximal activity. The biotransformation of MeAN to CN- was characterized with respect to time, microsomal protein concentration, pH, and temperature. Metabolism of MeAN was increased in microsomes obtained from phenobarbital-treated rats (310% of control) and decreased with CoCl2 and SKF 525 A treatments (55% and 61%, respectively).