Regulated expression of tumor-specific and MHC class I antigens in an ultraviolet radiation-induced murine skin cancer.

Previous studies have shown that the ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced tumor UV-1591 expresses a novel class I antigen that functions as a tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA). The purpose of this study was to determine whether expression of novel class I TSTA and expression of endogenous class I antigens in UV-1591 are regulated independently or coordinately. Expression of both TSTA and H-2Kk antigens increased simultaneously after treatment of UV-1591 cells with either 5-azadeoxycytidine (5-azaC) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).

Islet cell tumors metastatic to the liver: effective palliation by sequential hepatic artery embolization.

The value of sequential percutaneous hepatic artery embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles was examined in 22 patients with islet cell carcinoma metastatic to the liver. Nine patients had gastrinoma, 2 had glucagonoma, and 11 had no discernible hormonal secretions or syndromes. Ninety-seven embolizations were done with a median number of 4 (range, 1 to 12) per patient.

Plasma membrane-associated tumor necrosis factor. A non-integral membrane protein possibly bound to its own receptor.

Purified plasma membranes from LPS-activated human blood monocytes produced significant lysis and growth inhibition of the TNF-sensitive L929 murine fibroblast cell line. Unactivated human monocyte plasma membranes did not display either activity. Anti-TNF serum specifically inhibited the anti-tumor activity of activated monocyte membranes whereas anti-IL-1 serum or non-specific rabbit serum decreased neither the lysis nor growth inhibition of L929 cells.

Transbilayer movement of phosphatidylserine in erythrocytes: inhibition of transport and preferential labeling of a 31,000-dalton protein by sulfhydryl reactive reagents.

A series of labeled thiolation reagents were synthesized on the basis of the parent structure pyridyldithioethylamine (PDA). These compounds specifically and reversibly inhibit the active intrabilayer transport of phosphatidylserine (PS) in human red blood cells. The binding of PDA to cells can be quantified since the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction yields a chromophore.

Simultaneous transfer of tumorigenic and metastatic phenotypes by transfection with genomic DNA from a human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

High-molecular-weight genomic DNA isolated from a human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (AS) was assayed for its ability to induce tumorigenic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Subcutaneous injection of NIH 3T3 cells cotransfected with DNAs from AS tumor and pSV2-neo plasmid not only induced tumors at the site of injection, but also metastasized spontaneously to the lungs in 100% of nude mice injected. DNA isolated from a representative primary tumor and a metastasis was again used in a second round of transfection.

Pseudoparasitic Liesegang structures in perirenal hemorrhagic cysts.

Periodic structures with equally spaced radial striations identified as Liesegang-like rings were seen in two male patients' hemorrhagic perirenal cysts. The patients, one 48 and the other 60 years old, had acute right-flank pain and anemia; both had nephrectomy. The rings, initially believed to represent parasites (Dioctophyma renale), were from 8 to 500 micron in diameter and had uniform, pink-tan, radially striated double walls.

Reduction in DNA repair capacity following differentiation of murine proadipocytes.

It has been suggested that terminally differentiated mammalian cells have a decreased DNA repair capacity, compared with proliferating stem cells. To investigate this hypothesis, we have examined gamma-ray-induced DNA strand breaks and their repair in the murine proadipocyte stem cell line 3T3-T. By exposure to human plasma, 3T3-T cells can be induced to undergo nonterminal and then terminal differentiation.

Heparanases and tumor metastasis.

The successful penetration of endothelial basement membranes is an important process in the formation of hematogenous tumor metastases. Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan is a major constituent of endothelial basement membranes, and we have found that HS-degradative activities of metastatic B16 melanoma sublines correlate with their lung-colonizing potentials. The melanoma HS-degrading enzyme is a unique endo-beta-D-glucuronidase (heparanase) that cleaves HS at specific intrachain sites and is detectable in a variety of cultured human malignant melanomas.

Percutaneous hepatic arterial infusion of cisplatin-vinblastine for refractory breast carcinoma metastatic to the liver.

We treated 34 patients with breast carcinoma metastatic to the liver and refractory to prior chemotherapy with sequential hepatic arterial infusion of cisplatin and vinblastine in an attempt to enhance their antitumor activity. Following the administration of cisplatin at 100 mg/m2 i.v.

The characteristics and outcome of patients with late relapse acute myelogenous leukemia.

The characteristics and outcome of 58 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who experienced relapse after a first remission duration longer than 18 months (late-relapse AML) were analyzed and compared with those of 278 patients with earlier relapses. Late-relapse AML was associated with a lower incidence of antecedent hematologic disorder, leukocytosis, and elevated creatinine and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. A favorable karyotype (inversion of chromosome 16; translocations between chromosomes 8 and 21, or 15 and 17) was more frequent in patients whose first remission was 12 months or longer compared with less than 12 months (30% v 10%; P less than .

Alveolar soft part sarcoma. A cytologic and immunohistochemical study.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma is an uncommon soft tissue tumor that has seldom been studied by cytologic methods. The cytomorphologic features of two cases of this sarcoma are described. To enhance diagnostic accuracy in a suspected alveolar soft part sarcoma, the authors present the differential diagnosis and the application of immunocytochemical procedures to cytologic specimens.

Menstrual and reproductive function after treatment with combination chemotherapy for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.

Forty patients who had been treated for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors completed a questionnaire designed to evaluate their menstrual and reproductive function. All patients met the following eligibility criteria: (1) successful treatment with combination chemotherapy, and (2) retention of a normal contralateral ovary and uterus. Median age at diagnosis was 15 years (range, 6 to 29), and median age at the time of interview was 25.

Improvements in the premature chromosome condensation technique for cytogenetic analysis.

In this paper we report a combination of procedures that serve to improve the usefulness of the technique of premature chromosome condensation in cytogenetic investigations. The mitotic inducer population was preincubated in high concentrations of BrdU, and the duration of fusion was increased to yield more discrete prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC). After fusion, chromosome preparations were treated with a combination of G- or C-banding techniques and differential staining techniques.

Effect of trypsinization on the immunostaining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

We have investigated the action of trypsin treatment on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections prior to immunostaining with a variety of commercially available poly- and monoclonal antibodies commonly used in surgical pathology. Although enzymatic predigestion often markedly reduced the background and enhanced the immunoreaction for certain antibodies, false negative staining or no enhancement of the staining was observed with other antibodies. We conclude that the indiscriminate practice of trypsinization in immunohistochemical procedures could be a significant cause of false negative results and of discrepancies between laboratories.

Successful treatment of pure endodermal sinus tumors in adult men.

Seven adult men with pure endodermal sinus tumors (EST) were treated with cyclical combination chemotherapy Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide; Bristol-Myers Company, Evansville, IL), Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and cisplatin/vinblastine and bleomycin (CISCAII/VBIV) and surgery at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston from 1978 through 1985.

Chromosome 5 allele loss at the glucocorticoid receptor locus in human colorectal carcinomas.

Matched normal/tumor DNA pairs from sporadic colon carcinoma patients were examined for chromosome 5 allele loss using a probe for a functional gene (glucocorticoid receptor = GRL) locus. This locus maps (5q11-q13) close to one of two alternative sites recently reported for a constitutional deletion in a familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patient. Tumor-specific allele loss of at least 27% at GRL supports the hypothesis that both hereditary and sporadic forms of colon cancer result from mutations of the same gene.

Distribution of mono-, di, and tri-O-acetylated sialic acids in normal and neoplastic colon.

The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of O-acetylated sialic acids on normal colonic epithelial cells to that on primary and metastatic human adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. In 24 cases, the relative percentages of biosynthetically labeled non-, mono-, di-, and tri-O-acetylated sialic acids were measured after hydrolytic release, separation, and identification by paper chromatography. In one case, the presence of di- and tri-O-acetylated sialic acids was confirmed by fast atom bombardment-mass spectral analysis.

Spermatocytic seminoma with associated sarcoma of the testis.

Spermatocytic seminoma is a clinical pathologic distinct entity that has a good prognosis and rarely is associated with other neoplastic elements. Two cases of testicular spermatocytic seminoma with a sarcomatous element are reported. Both patients were older than 40 years and presented with 1-year and 2-year histories of progressive testicular enlargement and recent onset of testicular pain.

The effects of acetaldophosphamide, a novel stable aldophosphamide analogue, on normal human and leukemic progenitor cells in vitro: implications for use in bone marrow purging.

Acetaldophosphamide (A-ALD), a novel in vitro active and stable derivative of aldophosphamide, kills human bone marrow-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) independent of the cell cycle. The surviving fraction of GM-CFC is an exponential function of the drug concentration and time of exposure. Variation of marrow light-density cell concentration between 2 x 10(6) and 10 x 10(6)/ml does not significantly influence its GM-CFC toxicity.

Growth of rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells in semisolid clonogenic medium not correlated with spontaneous metastatic behavior: heterogeneity in the metastatic, antigenic, enzymatic, and drug sensitivity properties of cells from different sized colonies.

Using rat 13762NF mammary tumor cell clones of varying spontaneous metastatic potentials and biochemical properties and known phenotypic stabilities we studied the relationship between cell colony growth in a clonogenic assay and the biological and biochemical properties of cells derived from different cell colonies. The spontaneous metastatic potential of in vivo or in vitro grown 13762NF tumor cells was not related to their in vitro cloning efficiencies; cells of both low and high metastatic potential formed colonies of various sizes and shapes during 14 days of growth in 0.3% or 0.

Heterogeneity in chromosome damage and repair rates after bleomycin in ataxia telangiectasia cells.

Cells derived from patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) are known to be exceptionally sensitive to ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic agents such as bleomycin (BLM), neocarzinostatin, and etoposide. This increased sensitivity is manifested by high chromosome aberration frequencies after treatment. In order to probe the underlying basis for this phenomenon, the technique of premature chromosome condensation was used to determine whether the increased chromosome damage observed after bleomycin treatment is due to increased initial chromosome damage or to a decreased capability of these cells to repair chromosome damage.

N-succinyldioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine: structural preferences in pure and mixed model membranes.

The structural preferences of the pH-sensitive phospholipid, N-succinyldioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (N-succinyl-DOPE), have been examined alone and in mixtures with DOPE by 31P-NMR, fluorescence energy transfer, and freeze-fracture techniques. The basic polymorphic behavior of pure N-succinyl-DOPE and DOPE/N-succinyl-DOPE lipid systems and the influence of calcium and pH were investigated. It is shown that, similar to other negatively charged acidic phospholipids, N-succinyl-DOPE adopts the bilayer organization upon hydration.