Palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases in renal carcinoma.

Between 1968 and 1985, 46 patients with renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the brain parenchyma were treated with radiation. Thirty-nine received whole-brain radiation, mostly 30 Gy in ten fractions. Symptoms improved in 30% of evaluable patients.

Development and characterization of a syngeneic monoclonal antibody to a rat mammary tumor metastasis-associated mucin-like cell-surface antigen (gp580).

A rat hybridoma producing IgM monoclonal antibody (MAb) GP21:56 was generated with specificity for a high-molecular-weight, mucin-like glycoprotein (gp580) present on highly metastatic 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. The hybridoma was made by fusing rat Y3 Ag1.2.

Frequent nonrandom chromosome abnormalities in 27 patients with untreated large cell lymphoma and immunoblastic lymphoma.

Fresh tumor samples from 27 patients with large cell lymphoma, either previously untreated (26 patients) or minimally treated (one patient), were processed for cytogenetic studies. Cytogenetic abnormalities were observed in all patients, most commonly in chromosomes 1, 3, 7, 12, 14, 17, and 18. Nine chromosomal breakpoints appeared frequently: 14q32 in 14 instances; 18q21 in seven; 9p13-21, 17p11-13, and 3q21-23 in six each; 1p11-21 in five instances; 1p36 in four; and 2p21-23 in three.

The implication of tobacco use in the young adult with head and neck cancer.

To define the biologic characteristics of head and neck cancer in the young adult, the clinical course of 83 previously untreated patients less than or equal to 40 years of age with head and neck cancer was reviewed retrospectively. Their course was compared to that in a randomly chosen, concurrently treated, site-matched and stage-matched older head and neck cancer population (matched control). Patterns of recurrence as well as overall disease-free survival in each of the two populations were not significantly different.

A comparison of marrow transplantation with chemotherapy for adults with acute leukemia of poor prognosis in first complete remission.

From July 1980 to November 1985, 109 patients with acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemia who had reached a complete remission (CR) following induction treatment were assigned to a study comparing marrow transplantation with chemotherapy as a postremission treatment. Sixty-nine patients did not have a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical donor, and therefore served as chemotherapy controls; 40 patients had HLA-identical donors, and therefore were assigned to the transplant arm. Of these, 23 were transplanted in first remission and 17 were not.

Osteoclast-type giant cell neoplasms of the parotid gland.

The parotid gland is added to the list of parenchymal organs, notably the pancreas, in which osteoclast-like cells appear as constituent cells in their neoplasms. The cells' role in the neoplasms is a reactive one or, more rarely, as an integral element in an osteoclast-type giant cell neoplasm or so-called osteoclastoma. Distinctive in histological appearance, the osteoclast-type giant cell neoplasm is a malignant lesion that, to date, has been described only in the pancreas and parotid glands.

Osteosarcoma and the role of fine-needle aspiration. A study of 51 cases.

Fifty-one patients were evaluated by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) as part of the diagnosis, staging, and management of osteosarcoma. All patients had histologic confirmation of osteosarcoma. Five patients underwent two aspirations each; thus, the total number of aspirates reviewed was 56.

Clinical stage I nonseminomatous and mixed germ cell tumors of the testis. A clinicopathologic study of 93 patients on a surveillance protocol after orchiectomy alone.

This study of 93 patients with Stage I nonseminomatous and mixed germ cell testicular tumors who were placed in a surveillance study following orchiectomy was designed to evaluate pathologic prognostic factors. Follow-up was at least 12 months post-orchiectomy except for one patient who was followed for 9 months. Lymphatic invasion was identified in 26 patients, 62% of whom developed distant metastases; metastasis developed in only 18% of 67 patients without lymphatic invasion (P less than 0.

Salvage chemotherapy for recurrent primary brain tumors in children.

Sixty consecutive evaluable children with recurrent primary tumors of the central nervous system were treated with a regimen of vincristine, nitrogen mustard, procarbazine, and prednisone over a 12-year period. Tumor types included medulloblastoma (19), brain-stem glioma (16), astrocytoma (13), and a miscellaneous glioma (12). Responses and sustained survivals were achieved.

The relationship of DNA and chromosome damage to survival of synchronized X-irradiated L5178Y cells. I. Initial damage.

We investigated the role of initial DNA and chromosome damage in determining the radiosensitivity difference between the variant murine leukemic lymphoblast cell lines L5178Y-S (sensitive) and L5178Y-R (resistant) and the difference in cell cycle-dependent variations in radiosensitivity of L5178Y-S cells. We measured initial DNA damage (by the neutral filter elution method) and chromosome damage (by the premature chromosome condensation method) and compared them with survival (measured by cloning) for both cell lines synchronized in G1 or G2 phase of the cell cycle (by centrifugal elutriation) and irradiated with low doses of X rays (up to 10 Gy). The initial yield of DNA and chromosome damage in G2 L5178Y-S cells was almost twice that in G1 L5178Y-S cells and G1 or G2 L5178Y-R cells.

Physical characteristics of the M.D. Anderson Hospital clinical neutron beam.

The physical characteristics of the M.D. Anderson Hospital (MDAH) clinical neutron beam are presented.

Influence of total parenteral nutrition on tumor growth and polyamine biosynthesis of fibrosarcoma-bearing rats after induced cachexia.

The effect of a protein-free diet (PF) or a restricted intake of chow (RI) and subsequent host repletion with total parenteral nutrition (PF-TPN, RI-TPN) on tumor growth and polyamine metabolism of fibrosarcoma-bearing rats was examined. Host weight was significantly reduced by PF and RI. Tumor growth was reduced in malnourished rats with the PF regimen resulting in the greatest decrease.

Use of monoclonal antibody HMB-45 in the cytologic diagnosis of melanoma.

The value of mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) HMB-45 for the diagnosis of melanoma was retrospectively evaluated in cytologic preparations. Twenty-two (68.7%) of the 32 melanoma cases studied reacted with MAb HMB-45 while none of the 36 nonmelanoma tumors stained with this antibody.

Phase II study of tiazofurin (NSC 286193) in the treatment of advanced small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Fourteen evaluable patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma received tiazofurin, an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, that progressed after one combination chemotherapy. No objective remission was observed at the dosage of 800 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days. Toxicity was moderate.

Cisplatin in combination with continuous infusion vinblastine for refractory breast cancer.

We assessed antitumor activity and toxic effects of cisplatin and 5-day continuous infusion vinblastine in 25 evaluable patients with metastatic breast carcinoma refractory to one or more chemotherapeutic regimens. We administered cisplatin at 70 mg/m2 i.v.

Human creatine kinase genes on chromosomes 15 and 19, and proximity of the gene for the muscle form to the genes for apolipoprotein C2 and excision repair.

The human chromosomal assignments of genes of the creatine kinase (CK) family--loci for brain (CKBB), muscle (CKMM), and mitochondrial (CKMT) forms--were studied by Southern filter hybridization analysis of DNAs isolated from a human x rodent somatic cell hybrid clone panel. Probes for the 3'-noncoding sequences of human CKBB and CKMM hybridized concordantly only to DNAs from somatic cell hybrids containing chromosomes 14 and 19, respectively. Thus the earlier assignment of the gene coding for the CKBB isozyme to chromosome 14 was confirmed by molecular means, as was the provisional assignment of CKMM to the long arm of chromosome 19.

Wound prophylaxis with metronidazole in head and neck surgical oncology.

Anaerobic organisms are thought to be an important source of wound infection in head and neck oncologic surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis consisting of agents specific for anaerobes combined with broad-spectrum agents that provide coverage for other well-recognized pathogens should be an effective combination regimen for this group of patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized study comparing the efficacy of prophylaxis using combination of metronidazole and cefazolin-designated group A, to prophylaxis using cefazolin alone-group B, for patients undergoing oncologic procedures of the head and neck.

Genetic instability of cancer. Why a metastatic tumor is unstable and a benign tumor is stable.

It is theorized that tumors may be initiated by two methods: by an error affecting one or several oncogenes, or by an error affecting one or several of the genes controlling the stability of the genome. The majority of cells that misexpress an oncogene(s) and that later form a tumor probably form nonevolving benign tumors. A minority of these cells with an activated oncogene(s) (or one of the descendant cells) may also come to misexpress a stability gene(s).

Effect of unlabelled monoclonal antibody (MoAb) on biodistribution of 111indium labelled (MoAb).

We have evaluated immunoscintigraphy in cancer patients using four 111In-labelled murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb): 96.5 (anti-P97 of melanoma), ZME-018 (anti-high molecular weight antibody of melanoma), ZCE-025 (anti-CEA for colon cancer) and PAY-276 (anti-prostatic acid phosphatase for prostatic cancer). The effect of increasing the doses of unlabelled MoAb (co-infused with 1 mg labelled MoAb) on the relative body distribution of each labelled MoAb was assessed.

Analysis of breakpoints within the bcr gene and their correlation with the clinical course of Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The breakpoints on chromosome 22 are clustered within a 5.8-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment known as the breakpoint cluster region (bcr), which encodes part of a functionally active gene.