Upper Urinary Tract Carcinoma In Situ: Current Knowledge, Future Direction.

Purpose: Carcinoma in situ of the urinary tract is a high grade form of nonmuscle invasive urothelial cancer. Our understanding of this entity in the upper tract is poor, and case management remains challenging due to knowledge gaps regarding the definition, diagnosis, treatment options and followup of the disease. We reviewed the available literature for similarities and differences between bladder and upper tract carcinoma in situ, and herein summarize the best available data.

The Ontogeny of Cerebrovascular Critical Closing Pressure.

Premature infants are at risk of vascular neurological insults. Hypotension and hypertension are considered injurious, but neither condition is defined with consensus. Critical closing pressure (CrCP) is the arterial blood pressure (ABP) at which cerebral blood flow ceases.

The Ontogeny of Cerebrovascular Pressure Autoregulation in Premature Infants.

Our objective was to quantify cerebrovascular autoregulation as a function of gestational age (GA) and across the phases of the cardiac cycle. One hundred eighty-six premature infants, with a GA range of 23-33 weeks, were monitored using umbilical artery catheters and transcranial Doppler insonation of middle cerebral artery flow velocity (FV) for 1-h sessions over the first week of life. Autoregulation was quantified as a moving correlation coefficient between systolic arterial blood pressure (ABP) and systolic FV (Sx); mean ABP and mean FV (Mx); diastolic ABP and diastolic FV (Dx).

The Diastolic Closing Margin Is Associated with Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants.

Premature infants are at an increased risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The roles of hypotension and hyperemia are still debated. Critical closing pressure (CrCP) is the arterial blood pressure (ABP) at which cerebral blood flow (CBF) ceases.

Assessing efficacy of a retention-in-care intervention among HIV patients with depression, anxiety, heavy alcohol consumption and illicit drug use.

Objective: We evaluated whether heavy alcohol use, illicit drug use or high levels of anxiety, and depression symptoms were modifiers of the retention through enhanced personal contact intervention. The intervention had previously demonstrated overall efficacy in the parent study.

Design: Randomized trial.

Ontogeny of cerebrovascular critical closing pressure.

Background: Premature infants are at risk of vascular neurologic insults. Hypotension and hypertension are considered injurious, but neither condition is defined with consensus. Cerebrovascular critical closing pressure (CrCP) is the arterial blood pressure (ABP) at which cerebral blood flow (CBF) ceases.

Evolution and impact of ventricular assist device program on children awaiting heart transplantation.

Background: We sought to evaluate the impact of the evolution of a pediatric mechanical circulatory support (MCS) program on outcomes of children listed for heart transplantation at our institution.

Methods: All patients listed for isolated heart transplantation from 1995 to 2013 were included. The use of MCS while on the wait-list was recorded.

The ontogeny of cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation in premature infants.

Objective: To quantify cerebrovascular autoregulation as a function of gestational age (GA) and across the phases of the cardiac cycle.

Study Design: The present study is a hypothesis-generating re-analysis of previously published data. Premature infants (n=179) with a GA range of 23 to 33 weeks were monitored with umbilical artery catheters and transcranial Doppler insonation of the middle cerebral artery for 1-h sessions over the first week of life.

The frequency response of cerebral autoregulation.

The frequency-response of pressure autoregulation is not well delineated; therefore, the optimal frequency of arterial blood pressure (ABP) modulation for measuring autoregulation is unknown. We hypothesized that cerebrovascular autoregulation is band-limited and delineated by a cutoff frequency for which ABP variations induce cerebrovascular reactivity. Neonatal swine (n = 8) were anesthetized using constant minute ventilation while positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was modulated between 6 and 0.

Mohs surgery in metastatic cancer: renal cell carcinoma solitary cutaneous metastasis and visceral tumor metastases to skin treated with microscopically controlled surgical excision.

Background: Mohs micrographic surgery is the reference standard treatment for primary cutaneous malignancies.

Objectives: The purpose of this case study is to demonstrate that Mohs surgery may be considered as a possible treatment for a solitary metastatic tumor under the appropriate circumstances.

Methods: We report a patient in whom a solitary cutaneous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was successfully treated with microscopically controlled surgical excision, and cite instances of the successful management of cutaneous metastases using the Mohs surgical technique in oncology patients reported in the literature.

Radiation-induced angiosarcoma.

Background: Radiation-induced angiosarcomas are uncommon adverse sequelae related to treatment of tumors. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to successful management.

Purpose: The purpose of this case study is to describe the clinical characteristics of radiation-induced angiosarcomas.

Unmet health care needs among children evaluated for sexual assault.

Objectives: To determine in a population of children who underwent a medical examination after alleged sexual assault the proportion who had unmet medical or psychiatric needs.

Design: Retrospective medical record review.

Setting: A referral center for alleged child victims of sexual assault in Houston, Tex, from December 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004.