Safety and efficacy of remimazolam tosilate for general anaesthesia in paediatric patients undergoing elective surgery: a multicentre, randomised, single-blind, controlled trial.

Introduction: Remimazolam is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine sedative drug. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of remimazolam with propofol for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in children undergoing elective surgery.

Methods: Children (aged 3-6 y, ASA physical status 1 or 2, BMI 14-25 kg.

PARP1 condensates differentially partition DNA repair proteins and enhance DNA ligation.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is one of the first responders to DNA damage and plays crucial roles in recruiting DNA repair proteins through its activity - poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). The enrichment of DNA repair proteins at sites of DNA damage has been described as the formation of a biomolecular condensate. However, it remains unclear how exactly PARP1 and PARylation contribute to the formation and organization of DNA repair condensates.

Lesion Classification by Model-Based Feature Extraction: A Differential Affine Invariant Model of Soft Tissue Elasticity in CT Images.

The elasticity of soft tissues has been widely considered a characteristic property for differentiation of healthy and lesions and, therefore, motivated the development of several elasticity imaging modalities, for example, ultrasound elastography, magnetic resonance elastography, and optical coherence elastography to directly measure the tissue elasticity. This paper proposes an alternative approach of modeling the elasticity for prior knowledge-based extraction of tissue elastic characteristic features for machine learning (ML) lesion classification using computed tomography (CT) imaging modality. The model describes a dynamic non-rigid (or elastic) soft tissue deformation in differential manifold to mimic the tissues' elasticity under wave fluctuation in vivo.

Clinical characteristics and disease burden of African, Caribbean, and Black people with multiple sclerosis in Toronto, Canada.

Background: Different racial and ethnic groups have demonstrated heterogeneity in the clinical course of multiple sclerosis(MS).

Objective: We aimed to evaluate disease characteristics in African, Caribbean, and Black people with MS(ACB-MS) followed at a single centre in Toronto, Canada.

Methods: ACB-MS were compared with age- and sex-matched people with MS (pwMS) of European descent(EUR-MS) identified through the clinic registry.

Assessing Leg Blood Flow and Cardiac Output During Running Using Thermodilution.

Cardiac output (Q̇) and leg blood flow (Q̇) can be measured simultaneously with high accuracy using transpulmonary and femoral vein thermodilution with a single-bolus injection. The invasive measure has offered important insight into leg hemodynamics and blood flow distribution during exercise. Despite being the natural modality of exercise in humans, there has been no direct measure of Q̇ while running in humans.

Hybrid convergent procedure with proactive oesophageal cooling for the treatment of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: a case series.

Background: The hybrid convergent procedure is approved to treat symptomatic patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite direct visualization during surgical ablation as well as the use of luminal oesophageal temperature (LET) monitoring, oesophageal injury is still possible. A dedicated device for proactive oesophageal cooling has recently been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration to reduce the likelihood of ablation-related oesophageal injury resulting from radiofrequency cardiac ablation procedures.

Modelling midline shift and ventricle collapse in cerebral oedema following acute ischaemic stroke.

In ischaemic stroke, a large reduction in blood supply can lead to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and to cerebral oedema after reperfusion therapy. The resulting fluid accumulation in the brain may contribute to a significant rise in intracranial pressure (ICP) and tissue deformation. Changes in the level of ICP are essential for clinical decision-making and therapeutic strategies.

Evaluation of low-dose computed tomography reconstruction using spatial-radon domain total generalized variation regularization.

The x-ray radiation dose in computed tomography (CT) examination has been a major concern for patients. Lowing the tube current and exposure time in data acquisition is a straightforward and cost-effective strategy to reduce the x-ray radiation dose. However, this will inevitably increase the noise fluctuations in measured projection data, and the corresponding CT image quality will be severely degraded if noise suppression is not performed during image reconstruction.

Perceived Stress and Cfognition Function Quantification in a Scary Video Game: An Electroencephalogram Features and Biochemical Measures.

Introduction: Video games affect the stress system and cognitive abilities in different ways. Here, we evaluated electrophysiological and biochemical indicators of stress and assessed their effects on cognition and behavioral indexes after playing a scary video game.

Methods: Thirty volunteers were recruited into two groups as control and experimental.

Pain management after cardiac surgery via median sternotomy: A systematic review with procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) recommendations.

Background: Pain after cardiac surgery via median sternotomy can be difficult to treat, and if inadequately managed can lead to respiratory complications, prolonged hospital stays and chronic pain.

Objectives: To evaluate available literature and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after cardiac surgery via median sternotomy.

Design: A systematic review using PROcedure-SPECific Pain Management (PROSPECT) methodology.

Hepatocyte Growth Factor and 10-Year Change in Left Ventricular Structure: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a cytokine linked to incident heart failure (HF), particularly HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Increases in left ventricular (LV) mass and concentric remodelling defined by increasing mass-to-volume (M:V) ratios are imaging risk markers for HFpEF. We aimed to determine if HGF is associated with adverse LV remodelling.

Photoactive immunoconjugates for targeted photodynamic therapy of cancer.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an alternative or as a complement of conventional approaches for cancer treatment. In PDT, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from the interaction between the photosensitizer (PS), visible light and molecular oxygen, kill malignant cells by triggering a cascade of cytotoxic reactions. In this process, the PS plays an extremely important role in the effectiveness of the therapy.

Evaluation of plan quality and treatment efficiency in cranial stereotactic radiosurgery treatment plans with a variable source-to-axis distance.

Introduction: Radiotherapy deliveries with dynamic couch motions that shorten the source-to-axis distance (SAD) on a C-arm linac have the potential to increase treatment efficiency through the increase of the effective dose rate. In this investigation, we convert clinically deliverable volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and dynamic conformal arc (DCA) plans for cranial radiosurgery into virtual isocenter plans through implementation of couch trajectories that maintain the target at a shortened but variable SAD throughout treatment.

Materials And Methods: A randomly sampled population of patients treated with cranial radiosurgery from within the last three years were separated into groups with one, two, and three lesions.

Joint k-TE Space Image Reconstruction and Data Fitting for T2 Mapping.

Objectives: To develop a joint k-TE reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct the T2-weighted (T2W) images and T2 map simultaneously.

Materials And Methods: The joint k-TE reconstruction model was formulated as an optimization problem subject to a self-consistency condition of the exponential decay relationship between the T2W images and T2 map. The objective function included a data fidelity term enforcing the agreement between the solution and the measured k-space data, together with a spatial regularization term on image properties of the T2W images.

Conformation specific antagonistic high affinity antibodies to the RON receptor kinase for imaging and therapy.

The RON receptor tyrosine kinase is an exceptionally interesting target in oncology and immunology. It is not only overexpressed in a wide variety of tumors but also has been shown to be expressed on myeloid cells associated with tumor infiltration, where it serves to dampen tumour immune responses and reduce the efficacy of anti-CTLA4 therapy. Potent and selective inhibitory antibodies to RON might therefore both inhibit tumor cell growth and stimulate immune rejection of tumors.