Impact of Tumor Stage on Oncologic Outcomes of High-grade Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Unresponsive Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Undergoing Bladder-sparing Therapies.

Background And Objective: Current data on bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) do not differentiate outcomes by clinical stage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of tumor stage in oncologic outcomes in BCG-unresponsive NMIBC undergoing bladder-sparing therapies.

Methods: Demographic and outcome data for patients with BCG-unresponsive NMIBC were reviewed at ten institutions.

Oncologic Outcomes of Sequential Intravesical Gemcitabine and Docetaxel Compared with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Unresponsive Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background And Objective: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients treated with additional bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) may become unresponsive to BCG. Recently, sequential intravesical gemcitabine and docetaxel (gem/doce) are being used for NMIBC. This study aims to compare oncologic outcomes between sequential intravesical gem/doce versus additional BCG in patients with BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.

Epidemiology, Screening, and Prevention of Bladder Cancer.

Context: Bladder cancer (BC) represents a significant health problem due to the potential morbidity and mortality associated with disease burden, which has remained largely unaltered over time.

Objective: To provide an expert collaborative review and describe the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of BC and to evaluate current evidence for BC screening and prevention.

Evidence Acquisition: Data on the estimated incidence and mortality of BC for 2020 in 185 countries were derived from the International Agency for Research on Cancer GLOBOCAN database.

Treatment Options and Outcomes in Nonmetastatic Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) represents 25% of newly diagnosed bladder cancer. MIBC is aggressive and requires timely management. The current standard of care is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy, an approach that could result in significant morbidities.

Optimal Trial Design for Studying Urinary Markers in Bladder Cancer: A Collaborative Review.

Context: Urine-based tumor markers are not routinely used in the diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer. The main limitation of urinary markers has been a lack of clarity regarding clinical benefit.

Objective: To review the indications for urinary marker use, barriers to marker utilization, and clinical trial designs for markers available for detection (hematuria populations) and surveillance (bladder cancer populations).

Molecular Subtyping of Clinically Localized Urothelial Carcinoma Reveals Lower Rates of Pathological Upstaging at Radical Cystectomy Among Luminal Tumors.

Background: Upstaging of clinical T1-T2 urothelial carcinoma (UC) to non-organ-confined (NOC) pathological stage ≥T3 or N+ at radical cystectomy (RC) is common. Tools for stratifying patients who may have NOC disease are limited.

Objective: To determine an association of a genomic subtyping classifier (GSC) with pathological upstaging in multi-institutional cohort of patients with cT1-T2 UC treated with RC.

Use of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to calculate the impact of obesity and diabetes on cost and prevalence of urolithiasis in 2030.

Background: The prevalence of urolithiasis and its risk factors such as obesity and diabetes have increased over time.

Objective: Determine the future cost and prevalence of kidney stones using current and projected estimates for stones, obesity, diabetes, and population rates.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The stone prevalence in 2000 was estimated from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994 and 2007-2010.

The economics of bladder cancer: costs and considerations of caring for this disease.

Context: Due to high recurrence rates, intensive surveillance strategies, and expensive treatment costs, the management of bladder cancer contributes significantly to medical costs.

Objective: To provide a concise evaluation of contemporary cost-related challenges in the care of patients with bladder cancer. An emphasis is placed on the initial diagnosis of bladder cancer and therapy considerations for both non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and more advanced disease.