Androgen Deprivation Therapy Differentially Impacts Bone and Muscle in the Short Term in Physically Active Men With Prostate Cancer.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) therapy. Its use is associated with a loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and a greater risk of falls and osteoporotic fractures. In this prospective cohort study, we examined the impact of ADT on muscle and bone strength in men initiating ADT for PCa.

Influence of the large-Z effect during contact between butterfly sister species.

Recently diverged butterfly populations in North America have been found to exhibit high levels of divergence on the Z chromosome relative to autosomes, as measured by fixation index, . The pattern of divergence appears to result from accumulation of incompatible alleles, obstructing introgression on the Z chromosome in hybrids (i.e.

In search of alternatively spliced alpha-Klotho Kl1 protein in mouse brain.

Alpha-Klotho is a multi-functional protein essential for maintenance of a myriad of cell functions. αKlotho is a single transmembrane protein with a large extracellular segment consisting of two domains (termed Kl1 and Kl2) which is shed into the extracellular fluid by proteolytic cleavage to furnish circulating soluble αKlotho. Based on cDNA sequence, an alternatively spliced mRNA is predicted to translate to a putative soluble αKlotho protein in mouse and human with only the Kl1 domain that represents a "spliced αKlotho Kl1" (spKl1) and is released from the cell without membrane targeting or cleavage.

Catamenial haemoptysis in females with cystic fibrosis: a case series with review of management strategies.

Catamenial haemoptysis, the expectoration of blood during menses, has not been extensively reported in the cystic fibrosis (CF) literature. We describe four cases (age range: 25-34 years) of catamenial haemoptysis across four CF centres in the United States. These cases may represent thoracic endometriosis versus hormonal fluctuations in airway inflammation or infection resulting in bronchial artery bleeding.

Beclin-1 improves mitochondria-associated membranes in the heart during endotoxemia.

Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are essential to mitochondria. This study was to determine whether endotoxemia rearranges MAMs in the heart, and whether Beclin-1 regulates this process. Wild-type mice and mice with a cardiac-specific overexpression of Beclin-1 (-), or a heterozygous knockout of Beclin-1 ( ) were given lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge.

Elevation of Proinflammatory Cytokine HMGB1 in the Synovial Fluid of Patients With Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease and Correlation With IL-6.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a childhood ischemic osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head associated with the elevation of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the synovial fluid. Currently, there is no effective medical therapy for patients with LCPD. In animal models of ischemic ON, articular chondrocytes produce IL-6 in response to ischemic ON induction and IL-6 receptor blockade improves bone healing.

Lactic acidosis incidence with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A retrospective nested case-control study.

Objective: Compare rates of lactic acidosis (LA) among metformin-exposed and unexposed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and varying degrees of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Research Design And Methods: Retrospective, nested case-control study using data from national VA Corporate Data Warehouse. All adult patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD newly dispensed any antihyperglycaemic medication during FY 2003-13 were included.

Glut1 Deficiency Syndrome (Glut1DS): State of the art in 2020 and recommendations of the international Glut1DS study group.

Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS) is a brain energy failure syndrome caused by impaired glucose transport across brain tissue barriers. Glucose diffusion across tissue barriers is facilitated by a family of proteins including glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1). Patients are treated effectively with ketogenic diet therapies (KDT) that provide a supplemental fuel, namely ketone bodies, for brain energy metabolism.

Novel homozygous variant in in a family with unrecognized progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia.

We present the use of whole-genome sequencing to correctly diagnose progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia in patients with atypical clinical and radiologic findings and prior diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Alpha-Klotho, a critical protein for lung health, is not expressed in normal lung.

Alpha-Klotho (αKlotho), produced by the kidney and selected organs, is essential for tissue maintenance and protection. Homozygous αKlotho-deficiency leads to premature multi-organ degeneration and death; heterozygous insufficiency leads to apoptosis, oxidative stress, and increased injury susceptibility. There is inconsistent data in the literature regarding whether αKlotho is produced locally in the lung or derived from circulation.

Population structure and connectivity of the mountainous star coral, , throughout the wider Caribbean region.

As coral reefs continue to decline worldwide, it becomes ever more necessary to understand the connectivity between coral populations to develop efficient management strategies facilitating survival and adaptation of coral reefs in the future. is one of the most important reef-building corals in the Caribbean and has recently experienced severe population reductions. Here, we utilize a panel of nine microsatellite loci to evaluate the genetic structure of and to infer connectivity across ten sites spanning the wider Caribbean region.

Strategy-based reasoning training modulates cortical thickness and resting-state functional connectivity in adults with chronic traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: Prior studies have demonstrated training-induced changes in the healthy adult brain. Yet, it remains unclear how the injured brain responds to cognitive training months-to-years after injury.

Methods: Sixty individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) were randomized into either strategy-based (= 31) or knowledge-based (= 29) training for 8 weeks.

Liraglutide for weight management: a critical review of the evidence.

Objective: To review the efficacy, safety, and clinical applicability of liraglutide for weight management from phase III clinical trials.

Methods: A search of the English language literature was performed using PubMed search terms: "liraglutide", "glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist", and "randomized clinical trial". Articles and bibliographies relevant to the subject were reviewed and additional references known to the authors were included.

The 2.2-Angstrom resolution crystal structure of the carboxy-terminal region of ataxin-3.

An expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) sequence in ataxin-3 protein causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, an inherited neurodegenerative disorder. The crystal structure of the polyQ-containing carboxy-terminal fragment of human ataxin-3 was solved at 2.2-Å resolution.