Pharmacovigilance Pregnancy Data in a Population of Japanese Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Disease Exposed to Certolizumab Pegol.

Aim: Uncontrolled chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) before, during, and after pregnancy, as well as some CID medications, can increase the risk of impaired fertility in addition to adverse maternal/pregnancy outcomes in women of childbearing age. We report pregnancy outcomes from prospectively reported pregnancies in Japanese women treated with certolizumab pegol (CZP).

Methods: Data from July 2001 to November 2020 on CZP-exposed pregnancies from the CZP Pharmacovigilance safety database were reviewed.

Birds of a feather? Mis- and dis-information on the social media platform X related to avian influenza.

Objective: Social media has become an important tool in monitoring infectious disease outbreaks such as coronavirus disease 2019 and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Influenced by the recent announcement of a possible human death from H5N2 avian influenza, we analyzed tweets collected from X (formerly Twitter) to describe the messaging regarding the HPAI outbreak, including mis- and dis-information, concerns, and health education.

Methods: We collected tweets involving keywords relating to HPAI for 5 days (June 04 to June 08, 2024).

Longitudinal Improvement of Quality of Life in Children With Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease Treated With Proximal Femoral Varus Osteotomy.

Background: Proximal femoral varus osteotomy (PFVO) is commonly performed to improve femoral head containment and decrease deformity in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD). Little is known about how PFVO impacts the quality of life after surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the longitudinal changes to patient-reported physical, mental, and social health measures after PFVO.

The Dose-Dependent Effect of Obesity on Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in a Hispanic Population.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with maternal obesity in a Hispanic population. We hypothesized that obesity confers a dose-dependent risk associated with these outcomes.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies delivered between 24 and 42 weeks gestation at an urban county hospital between 2013 and 2021.

Prevention of liver cancer in the era of next-generation antivirals and obesity epidemic.

Preventive interventions are expected to substantially improve the prognosis of patients with primary liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma. HCC prevention is challenging in the face of the evolving etiological landscape, particularly the sharp increase in obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Next-generation anti-HCV and HBV drugs have substantially reduced, but not eliminated, the risk of HCC and have given way to new challenges in identifying at-risk patients.

Tubulin detyrosination shapes cytoskeletal architecture and virulence.

Tubulin detyrosination has been implicated in various human disorders and is important for regulating microtubule dynamics. While in most organisms this modification is restricted to α-tubulin, in trypanosomatid parasites, it occurs on both α- and β-tubulin. Here, we show that in , a single vasohibin (LmVASH) enzyme is responsible for differential kinetics of α- and β-tubulin detyrosination.

Advanced Markers for Hemodynamic Monitoring in Cardiogenic Shock and End-Stage Heart Failure: A Mini Review.

Right heart catheterization (RHC) provides critical hemodynamic insights by measuring atrial, ventricular, and pulmonary artery pressures, as well as cardiac output (CO). Although the use of RHC has decreased, its application has been linked to improved outcomes. Advanced hemodynamic markers such as cardiac power output (CPO), aortic pulsatility index (API), pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi), right atrial pressure to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ratio (RAP/PCWP) and right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) have been introduced to enhance risk stratification in cardiogenic shock (CS) and end-stage heart failure (HF) patients.

Echocardiographic phenotypes of diabetic myocardial disorder: evolution over 15 months follow-up in the ARISE-HF trial.

Background: Diabetic myocardial disorder (DbMD, evidenced by abnormal echocardiography or cardiac biomarkers) is a form of stage B heart failure (SBHF) at high risk for progression to overt HF. SBHF is defined by abnormal LV morphology and function and/or abnormal cardiac biomarker concentrations.

Objective: To compare the evolution of four DbMD groups based on biomarkers alone, systolic and diastolic dysfunction alone, or their combination.

Glycogen synthase GYS1 overactivation contributes to glycogen insolubility and malto-oligoglucan-associated neurodegenerative disease.

Polyglucosans are glycogen molecules with overlong chains, which are hyperphosphorylated in the neurodegenerative Lafora disease (LD). Brain polyglucosan bodies (PBs) cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases including Lafora disease and adult polyglucosan body disease (ABPD), for which treatments, biomarkers, and good understanding of their pathogenesis are currently missing. Mutations in the genes for the phosphatase laforin or the E3 ubiquitin ligase malin can cause LD.

Six-Month Outcomes in the Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Study.

Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Data on midterm outcomes are limited.

Objective: To characterize the frequency and time course of cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%), coronary artery aneurysms (z score ≥2.

Cigar, Pipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Use and Cardiovascular Outcomes From Cross Cohort Collaboration.

Importance: Cardiovascular health outcomes associated with noncigarette tobacco products (cigar, pipe, and smokeless tobacco) remain unclear, yet such data are required for evidence-based regulation.

Objective: To investigate the association of noncigarette tobacco products with cardiovascular health outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was conducted within the Cross Cohort Collaboration Tobacco Working Group by harmonizing tobacco-related data and conducting a pooled analysis from 15 US-based prospective cohorts with data on the use of at least 1 noncigarette tobacco product ranging between 1948 and 2015.

Intracellular Retention of Estradiol is Mediated by GRAM Domain-Containing Protein ASTER-B in Breast Cancer Cells.

Elevated blood levels of estrogens are associated with poor prognosis in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers, but the relationship between circulating blood hormone levels and intracellular hormone concentrations are not well characterized. We observed that MCF-7 cells treated acutely with 17β-estradiol (E2) retain a substantial amount of the hormone even upon removal of the hormone from the culture medium. Moreover, global patterns of E2-dependent gene expression are sustained for hours after acute E2 treatment and hormone removal.

Pediatric Borderline Ovarian Tumors: A Retrospective Study of 15 Cases at a Single Institution.

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are rare in pediatric populations and typically follow an indolent clinical course with few reported recurrences. Consequently, guidelines for pediatric BOT management are minimal. We retrospectively examined the management of 15 adolescent patients who underwent BOT resection at our institution over 14 years, with a specific focus on recurrence.

Gut bacterial sphingolipid production modulates dysregulated skin lipid homeostasis.

Sphingolipids are an essential lipid component of the skin barrier with alterations in skin sphingolipid composition associated with multiple skin disorders including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and ichthyosis. Contributions to skin sphingolipid abundance are not well characterized, thus the main method of modulating skin lipid levels is the topical application of creams rich with sphingolipids at the skin surface. Evidence that diet and gut microbiome function can alter skin biology proposes an intriguing potential for the modulation of skin lipid homeostasis through gut microbial metabolism, but potential mechanisms of action are not well understood.

Lipoprotein(a), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein, homocysteine and cardiovascular disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background And Aims: Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), and total homocysteine (tHcy) are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. This study investigated the individual and joint associations of Lp(a), hs-CRP and tHcy with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.

Methods: This study was conducted in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort (2000-2017) (CHD analytic = 6,676; stroke analytic = 6,674 men and women).

Atypical Small Cell Lung Cancer: A New Malignancy Characterized by Chromothripsis, Carcinoid Tumors, and Wild-type RB1 and TP53.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and pulmonary carcinoid tumors are traditionally seen as unrelated, with SCLC linked to smoking and characterized by biallelic loss of RB1 and TP53 and rapid progression. Rekhtman and colleagues upend these assumptions by discovering an "atypical" SCLC that arises in nonsmokers with intact RB1 and TP53 loci, chromothripsis-induced oncogene amplifications on extrachromosomal DNA, and frequent synchronous carcinoid tumors. See related article by Rekhtman et al.

Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Approaches to Prevention of MASLD-related HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major concern for public health. Fatty liver disease, related to alcohol misuse or metabolic syndrome, has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease and HCC. The strong association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and HCC can be partly attributed to the development of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Markedly elevated citrulline in a neonate: Citrin deficiency due to a previously unreported SLC25A13 variant.

Background: Citrin deficiency (CD) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the urea cycle and energy production. Diagnosis involves measuring ammonia, amino acid levels (eg: citrulline), with confirmation through solute carrier family 25 member 13 (SLC25A13) gene mutation analysis. Herein, we present a case report of a variant in the SLC25A13 gene that has not been previously reported in the literature.

Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Exposed to Prolonged Prelabor Rupture of Membranes before 24 Weeks of Gestation.

Background: Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) before or around the limit of fetal viability is associated with serious maternal and neonatal complications including chorioamnionitis, extremely preterm birth, and pulmonary hypoplasia.

Objectives: To describe contemporary outcomes of extremely preterm infants born after prolonged periviable PPROM, and to identify perinatal factors associated with survival and survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI).

Study Design: Among actively treated infants born alive at <27 weeks' gestational age (GA) in centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network from 2012 to 2018, the outcomes of survival and survival without severe NDI at 22-26 months' corrected age were compared between infants exposed to prolonged (≥120 hours) periviable (<24 weeks' GA) PPROM and unexposed infants born after rupture of membranes ≤18 hours before delivery or at delivery, adjusting for birth GA, sex, multiple gestation, antenatal steroids, small for gestational age (SGA), insurance, and center.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for patients undergoing radical cystectomy: Surgeons' perspectives and recommendations ten years after its implementation.

Background And Objectives: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guidelines for Radical Cystectomy (RC) were published over ten years ago. Aim of this systematic review is to update ERAS recommendations for patients undergoing RC and to give an expert opinion on the relevance of each single ERAS item.

Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify the impact of each single ERAS item on RC outcomes.