Blockade of joint inflammation and secondary hyperalgesia by L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.

Acute arthritis is associated with pain-related behavior, joint swelling and increased joint temperature. Arthritic animals exhibit a significant decrease in paw withdrawal latency 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 h after induction of inflammation, when compared with baseline values, indicative of secondary hyperalgesia. Intra-articular injection of a non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), resulted in a complete reversal of heat hyperalgesia and prevented further increase in joint swelling and temperature, while injection of either isotonic saline or the inactive enantiomer NG-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME) after induction of arthritis had no effect on any of these parameters.

Dorsal root reflexes in articular afferents occur bilaterally in a chronic model of arthritis in rats.

1. Chronic arthritis was produced in rats by the injection of incomplete Freund's adjuvant into one knee joint. By 3-5 days later the rats had developed unilateral swelling of the injected knee and demonstrated bilateral hyperalgesia to radiant heat stimuli applied to the foot.