Design and Evaluation of a Pediatric Resident Health Care Transition Curriculum.

Introduction: In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics developed a consensus statement urging physicians who provide care to youth with special health care needs to acquire the knowledge and skills to facilitate well-timed transitions to adult-oriented care. However, a minority of these youth receive the services necessary to make appropriate transitions. Two potential barriers to supporting well-planned transitions are minimal provider training and gaps in medical records.

An Article-Based Format for Medical Specialty and Subspecialty Maintenance of Certification.

Introduction: This article describes an article-based alternative for maintenance of certification that the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology developed and began pilot testing in 2019. The rationale for and components of the pilot program are presented along with data on participant performance and feedback from the first year of implementation in three primary specialties (neurology, child neurology, and psychiatry) and one subspecialty (child and adolescent psychiatry).

Methods: Evaluation of the pilot program was guided by a widely used validity framework.

Racial and ethnic differences in the improvement in daily activities during a nursing home stay.

Background: Improving independence in daily activities is an important outcome of postacute nursing home care. We investigated racial and ethnic differences in the improvement in activities of daily living (ADL) during a skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with a hip fracture, joint replacement, or stroke.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of Medicare beneficiaries admitted to a SNF between 01/01/2013 and 9/30/2015.

Factors resulting in postoperative dysphagia following esophagectomy: a narrative review.

Esophagectomy is a technically involved surgery and can have significant postoperative morbidity. Although the mortality rate following esophagectomy has decreased in recent years, this surgical procedure has a relatively high complication rate compared to other surgeries to resect cancer. One of the most common complaints after esophagectomy is dysphagia.

Moving forward: Recommendations to overcome existing structural racism.

A critical need exists to address structural racism within academic and community medicine and surgery and determine methods that will serve to repair its long-standing effects and alleviate the associated negative consequences. Because of our broad skillset and the populations we serve, vascular surgeons are uniquely positioned to identify and address the effects of structural racism in our places of work and for the populations we treat. Our goal is to discuss the effects of racism on healthcare outcomes and provide recommendations on how to combat these through equitable practices such as the diversification of the vascular surgery workforce, inclusivity as partners and leaders, and the promotion of improved outcomes among our most vulnerable patients from racial and ethnic minority groups.

Essential yet Ill-defined: leadership roles to support fourth-year medical students in pediatrics.

Background: Few studies have been published about specialty-specific fourth-year medical student leadership in any discipline. This paper provides insight from pediatric educators about the current status and recommendations for pediatric-specific fourth-year leaders.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of pediatric fourth-year medical student directors across the US and Canada and to compare current and ideal responsibilities for this role.

Comparison of Blister Aneurysm Treatment Techniques: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Blood blister aneurysms are small, thin-walled, rapidly growing side-wall aneurysms that have proved particularly difficult to treat, and evidence-based guidance for treatment strategies is lacking. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to aggregate the available data and compare the 3 primary treatment modalities.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search according to PRISMA guidelines followed by an indirect meta-analysis that compares the safety and efficacy of surgical, flow-diverting stents (FDS), and other endovascular approaches for the treatment of ruptured blood blister aneurysms.

Primary and radiation induced skull base osteosarcoma: a systematic review of clinical features and treatment outcomes.

Purpose: We aim to systematically review and summarize the demographics, clinical features, management strategies, and clinical outcomes of primary and radiation-induced skull-base osteosarcoma (SBO).

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were used to identify relevant articles. Papers including SBO cases and sufficient clinical outcome data were included.

The Association between Prolonged Antibiotic Use in Culture Negative Infants and Length of Hospital Stay and Total Hospital Costs.

Objective: This study aimed to determine if prolonged antibiotic use at birth in neonates with a negative blood culture increases the total cost of hospital stay.

Study Design: This was a retrospective study performed at a 60-bed level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Neonates born <30 weeks of gestation or <1,500 g between 2016 and 2018 who received antibiotics were included.

A Prospective Diet-Wide Association Study for Risk of Colorectal Cancer in EPIC.

Background & Aims: Evidence regarding the association of dietary exposures with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is not consistent with a few exceptions. Therefore, we conducted a diet-wide association study (DWAS) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) to evaluate the associations between several dietary exposures with CRC risk.

Methods: The association of 92 food and nutrient intakes with CRC risk was assessed in 386,792 participants, 5069 of whom developed incident CRC.

Elastic intramedullary nail treatment of adolescent perihardware radius and ulna refracture.

A 13-year-old girl presented to the clinic with a midshaft refracture of both forearm bones adjacent to the site of a prior forearm fracture that had been treated with plating. She was treated with hardware removal and placement of elastic intramedullary nails. Flexible intramedullary nailing can be successful for a skeletally mature adolescent in treatment of refracture surrounding plate fixation of a midshaft forearm fracture.

Treatment of Non-melanoma Skin Cancers in the Absence of Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

Non-melanoma skin cancers are the most common malignancies globally. Although non-melanoma skin cancers exhibit low metastatic potential, they can be locally destructive, necessitating complex excisions and reconstructions. Mohs micrographic surgery is the gold-standard treatment for high-risk non-melanoma skin cancers in patients who are appropriate surgical candidates.

Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS): A case series of this challenging variant of MS.

Background: Tumefactive MS is a rare variant of multiple sclerosis that poses a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge due to its close resemblance to central nervous neoplasms on MRI. TMS is defined as acute large >2 cm, tumour like demyelinating lesion in the CNS that may occur with surrounding edema, mass effect and ring enhancement. Some of the known mimickers are CNS lymphoma, metastasis, primary brain tumour such as glioblastoma, brain abscesses.

Virtual education in neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Neurosurgical education in the US has changed significantly as a consequence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Institutional social distancing requirements have resulted in many neurosurgical programs utilizing video conferencing for educational activities. However, it is unclear how or if these practices should continue after the pandemic.

I Am Not Your Ballot.

This drawing considers masks' transformation from an evidence-based public health measure to a political symbol during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.

Early Diagnosis and Intervention for Airway-Obstructing Neonatal Plexiform Neurofirbomatosis.

Background: Respiratory distress is a frequent occurrence in neonates, typically caused by a variety of pulmonary conditions. Accurate diagnosis of the cause is vital to appropriately treat neonates and prevent long-term complications. Neck masses rarely cause respiratory distress in this setting but should be considered when clinical signs indicate.

A meissnerian neurofibroma: Case report of a rare neurofibroma variant.

Structures resembling Meissner corpuscles have been described in various nerve sheath tumors, including schwannomas and neurofibromas. When present, they are focal or scattered, and rarely a prominent feature of the lesion. Here, we report a case of a 39-year-old female who presented with an isolated lesion on her abdomen.

The Clinical Presentation and Immunology of Viral Pneumonia and Implications for Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Unlabelled: This review will briefly examine the clinical presentation and important immunology of viral pneumonia with a focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019).

Data Sources Study Selection Data Extraction And Data Synthesis: The most relevant, original and review literature were assessed for inclusion in this review. Sources included the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and PubMed.

Author Correction: CD200R/Foxp3-mediated signalling regulates microglial activation.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Comprehensive Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents on Primary Care of Patients Identifying as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender.

Introduction: Significant gaps remain in the training of health professionals regarding the care of individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT). Although curricula have been developed at the undergraduate medical education level, few materials address the education of graduate medical trainees. The purpose of this curriculum was to develop case-based modules targeting internal medicine residents to address LGBT primary health care.

Content Evaluation of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Websites.

Background: Prospective Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) applicants commonly view residency program websites to make informed decisions about where to submit their applications. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of the availability and accessibility of online content for PM&R residency programs.

Objective: To evaluate the comprehensiveness of PM&R residency websites to inform prospective applicants about the information readily available to them and identify deficient areas for program directors to address.

Comparison of steroid-releasing stents vs nonabsorbable packing as middle meatal spacers.

Background: A randomized controlled trial was held to compare nonabsorbable packs to steroid-eluting absorbable stents as middle meatal spacers after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods: CRS patients were randomly assigned to receive either nonabsorbable Merocel packs wrapped in non-latex glove material (packing type A) or Propel steroid eluting stents (packing type B). Twenty-two-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores were collected preoperatively and postoperatively during the initial 4 debridements up to 3 months.