Advancing precision psychiatry and targeted treatments: Insights from immunopsychiatry.

Despite tremendous advancements in neuroscience, there has been limited impact on patient care. Current psychiatric treatments are largely non-specific, and drug development is hindered by outdated, overinclusive diagnostic categories and a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Additionally, mechanisms underlying psychiatric illnesses and their treatments with conventional medications remain poorly understood.

Compensatory Swallowing Strategies Recommended in Oncology Practice: Practice Patterns and Relationship to Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) Grades.

Compensatory swallow strategies are recommended to improve swallow safety and efficiency; however, there is limited evidence on use in specific populations or their relationship to swallow study results. We sought to describe/explore strategy recommendations in an oncology practice and their relationship to Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) grades as a marker of clinical utility of the tool. This is a sub-study of a STARI-guided retrospective implementation evaluation at a single comprehensive cancer center.

Evolving Paradigms in the Treatment of Oligometastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Multiple randomized trials have suggested that the addition of comprehensive metastasis-directed therapy to best systemic therapy improves disease control and survival among patients with oligometastatic disease, even for histologies with a high propensity for rapid spread. Here, we review the growing literature supporting the oligometastatic paradigm in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We summarize key details from nascent institutional series and reflect on the recently reported phase II randomized EXTEND trial.

International Expert-Based Consensus Definition, Classification Criteria, and Minimum Data Elements for Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw: An Inter-Disciplinary Modified Delphi Study.

Purpose: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) is a severe iatrogenic disease characterized by bone death after radiation therapy (RT) to the head and neck. With over 9 published definitions and at least 16 classification systems, the true incidence and severity of ORNJ are obscured by lack of a standard for disease definition and severity assessment, leading to inaccurate estimation of incidence, reporting ambiguity, and likely under-diagnosis worldwide. This study aimed to achieve consensus on an explicit definition and phenotype of ORNJ and related precursor states through data standardization to facilitate effective diagnosis, monitoring, and multidisciplinary management of ORNJ.

Gray matter volume and asymmetry in Broca's and Wernicke's area homologs in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) using a probabilistic region of interest approach.

Broca's and Wernicke's areas are comprised of Brodmann areas 44, 45 and 22 in the human brain. Because of their roles in higher cognitive and linguistic function, there has been historical and contemporary interest in comparative studies on the morphology and cytoarchitectonic organization in Broca's and Wernicke's between primate species. One challenge to comparative morphological studies between human and nonhuman primates for Broca's and Wernicke's areas is the absence in homologous sulci used to define these regions.

Real-World Experience With Maribavir for Treatment of Refractory or Resistant Cytomegalovirus Infection in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients and Hematologic Malignancy Patients.

Background: Refractory and/or resistant (R/R) cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Maribavir, an oral antiviral agent, was approved in November 2021 for the treatment of R/R CMV in transplant recipients. However, real-world data on the use of maribavir in HCT recipients and hematologic malignancy (HM) patients are limited.

Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy leads to better survival outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objectives: To evaluate the benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for patients with high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) using a large, well-curated multi-institutional database.

Patients And Methods: This study was a multi-institutional retrospective analysis conducted by the UTUC Collaborative Network (UCAN), combining data from 2276 patients with UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy at seven high-volume tertiary care centres in the United States. The UCAN data were analysed to evaluate the impact of response to NAC on survival outcomes in patients with UTUC.

Nursing knowledge in cardio-oncology: results of an international learning needs-assessment survey.

Background: With early detection and improvements in systemic and local therapies, millions of people are surviving cancer, but for some at a high cost. In some cancer types, cardiovascular disease now competes with recurrent cancer as the cause of death. Traditional care models, in which the cardiologist or oncologist assess patients individually, do not address complex cancer and cardiovascular needs.

Tucatinib and trastuzumab in HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer: a phase 2 basket trial.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, also known as ERBB2) signaling promotes cell growth and differentiation, and is overexpressed in several tumor types, including breast, gastric and colorectal cancer. HER2-targeted therapies have shown clinical activity against these tumor types, resulting in regulatory approvals. However, the efficacy of HER2 therapies in tumors with HER2 mutations has not been widely investigated.

Survey and perspective on verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification of digital twins for precision medicine.

Digital twins in precision medicine provide tailored health recommendations by simulating patient-specific trajectories and interventions. We examine the critical role of Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification (VVUQ) for digital twins in ensuring safety and efficacy, with examples in cardiology and oncology. We highlight challenges and opportunities for developing personalized trial methodologies, validation metrics, and standardizing VVUQ processes.

Histone Methyltransferase G9a in Primary Sensory Neurons Promotes Inflammatory Pain and Transcription of and via Bivalent Histone Modifications.

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels are crucial for detecting and transmitting nociceptive stimuli. Inflammatory pain is associated with sustained increases in TRPA1 and TRPV1 expression in primary sensory neurons. However, the epigenetic mechanisms driving this upregulation remain unknown.

Phase I study of BMS-986299, an NLRP3 agonist, as monotherapy and in combination with nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Purpose: BMS-986299 is a first-in-class, NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome agonist enhancing adaptive immune and T-cell memory responses.

Materials And Methods: This was a phase-I (NCT03444753) study that assessed the safety and tolerability of intra-tumoral BMS-986299 monotherapy (part 1A) and in combination (part 1B) with nivolumab, and ipilimumab in advanced solid tumors. Reported here are single-center results.

Advances in the understanding and therapeutic manipulation of cancer immune responsiveness: a Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) review.

Cancer immunotherapy-including immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT)-has become a standard, potentially curative treatment for a subset of advanced solid and liquid tumors. However, most patients with cancer do not benefit from the rapidly evolving improvements in the understanding of principal mechanisms determining cancer immune responsiveness (CIR); including patient-specific genetically determined and acquired factors, as well as intrinsic cancer cell biology. Though CIR is multifactorial, fundamental concepts are emerging that should be considered for the design of novel therapeutic strategies and related clinical studies.

Survival outcomes comparing minimally invasive versus open cytoreductive surgery in recurrent adult-type granulosa cell tumors.

Background: Adult-type granulosa cell tumors are a rare form of ovarian cancer, 30% of which will recur. Cytoreductive surgery is often performed at the time of a first recurrence, but little is known about the impact of open versus minimally invasive surgical approaches on survival outcomes.

Objective: To examine associations between surgical approach, clinical variables, and survival outcomes among patients with adult-type granulosa cell tumors who underwent cytoreductive surgery at the time of first recurrence.

Vitamin D-related genetic variants and prostate cancer risk in Black men.

Background: The relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer has primarily been characterized among White men. Black men, however, have higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates, chronically low circulating vitamin D levels, and ancestry-specific genetic variants in vitamin D-related genes. Here, we examine critical genes in the vitamin D pathway and prostate cancer risk in Black men.

Radiate & Educate: Empowering Future Physicians through an International Radiation Oncology Student Newsletter.

Background: The field of radiation oncology (RO) is frequently overlooked by medical students due to limited exposure during traditional medical school curricula. Initiatives aimed at increasing exposure while creating opportunities for medical student engagement are vital. Here, we present the inception, 1.

Assessing the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound for pediatric hepato-pancreatico-biliary disorders: a systematic review.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (US) has been established as a safe diagnostic tool for adults, but its use in children remains underexplored. The rising prevalence of pediatric hepato-pancreato-biliary disorders requires a closer examination of its utility. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical impact of endoscopic US in the pediatric population, concentrating on its diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic applications.

Associations of KRAS Point Mutations with Survival of Patients Who Underwent Curative-Intent Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Background: The oncologic significance of specific KRAS point mutations for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) is uncertain. This study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of KRAS point mutations on patients who underwent surgery for CLM.

Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for CLM from 2001 to 2020 were selected for the study.

An exosome-based liquid biopsy predicts depth of response and survival outcomes to cetuximab and panitumumab in metastatic colorectal cancer: The EXONERATE Study.

PURPOSE EXONERATE (EXOsome and cell-free micro-RNAs of anti-EGFR ResistAnce) was an open-label, biomarker interventional study designed to develop, test, and validate a liquid biopsy predictive of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) for first-line EGFR inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed RAS-WT, chemotherapy-naïve mCRC, both right- and left-sided, were enrolled in 2-nationwide trials to receive cetuximab or panitumumab along with chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was 12-month PFS, which was hierarchically tested in left- and right-sided mCRC to predict PFS, OS, and ORR.