Phytocompounds targeting epigenetic modulations: an assessment in cancer.

For centuries, plants have been serving as sources of potential therapeutic agents. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in investigating the effects of plant-derived compounds on epigenetic processes, a novel and captivating Frontier in the field of epigenetics research. Epigenetic changes encompass modifications to DNA, histones, and microRNAs that can influence gene expression.

Managing vestibular schwannomas with radiosurgery and radiotherapy: AGREE II appraisal of clinical practice guidelines.

Introduction: Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are rare, benign intracranial tumours that have prompted clinical practice guideline (CPG) creation given their complex management. Our aim was to utilize the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument to assess if such CPGs on the management of VSs with radiosurgery and radiotherapy are of acceptable quality.

Methods: Relevant CPGs were identified following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols.

Factors associated with adjuvant systemic anti-cancer treatment discontinuation for early breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The Covid-19 pandemic led to challenging discussions between oncology clinicians and patients regarding additional risks posed by SARS-CoV-2 infection whilst receiving systemic anti-cancer therapies (SACT). We assess the potential factors affecting discontinuation of adjuvant early breast cancer treatment during the pandemic.

Methods: Data were collected on all patients with early breast cancer undergoing adjuvant SACT, between 16 March and 17 April 2020 at a single UK cancer centre.

Investigating the structure-activity relationship of marine polycyclic batzelladine alkaloids as promising inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M).

Over a span of two years ago, since the emergence of the first case of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in China, the pandemic has crossed borders causing serious health emergencies, immense economic crisis and impacting the daily life worldwide. Despite the discovery of numerous forms of precautionary vaccines along with other recently approved orally available drugs, yet effective antiviral therapeutics are necessarily needed to hunt this virus and its variants. Historically, naturally occurring chemicals have always been considered the primary source of beneficial medications.

Investigating the structure-activity relationship of marine natural polyketides as promising SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors.

Since its first report in December 2019, the novel coronavirus virus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused an unprecedented global health crisis and economic loss imposing a tremendous burden on the worldwide finance, healthcare system, and even daily life. Even with the introduction of different preventive vaccines, there is still a dire need for effective antiviral therapeutics. Nature has been considered as the historical trove of drug discovery and development, particularly in cases of worldwide crises.

The h-ANN Model: Comprehensive Colonoscopy Concept Compilation Using Combined Contextual Embeddings.

Colonoscopy is a screening and diagnostic procedure for detection of colorectal carcinomas with specific quality metrics that monitor and improve adenoma detection rates. These quality metrics are stored in disparate documents i.e.

TAX-Corpus: Taxonomy based Annotations for Colonoscopy Evaluation.

Colonoscopy plays a critical role in screening of colorectal carcinomas (CC). Unfortunately, the data related to this procedure are stored in disparate documents, colonoscopy, pathology, and radiology reports respectively. The lack of integrated standardized documentation is impeding accurate reporting of quality metrics and clinical and translational research.

Renal NOXA1/NOX1 Signaling Regulates Epithelial Sodium Channel and Sodium Retention in Angiotensin II-induced Hypertension.

NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the pathophysiology of hypertension in chronic kidney disease patients. Genetic deletion of NOX activator 1 () subunit of NOX1 decreases ROS under pathophysiological conditions. Here, we investigated the role of NOXA1-dependent NOX1 activity in the pathogenesis of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension (AIH) and possible involvement of abnormal renal function.

Real-world evidence and product development: Opportunities, challenges and risk mitigation.

Real-world evidence (RWE) is derived from real-world data (RWD) sources including electronic health records, claims data, registries (disease, product) and pragmatic clinical trials. The importance of RWE derived from RWD has been once again demonstrated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as it can improve patient care by complementing information obtained from traditional clinical trial programs. Additionally, RWE can generate insights into disease mechanisms, epidemiology, patient flows in and out of healthcare systems, and drivers and barriers to optimal clinical care in real-world settings.

Prevalence, injury-, and non-injury-related factors associated with anxiety and depression in polytrauma patients - A retrospective 20 year follow-up study.

Introduction: Survival rate after polytrauma increased over the past decades resulting in an increase of long-term complaints. These include physical and psychological impairments. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors for developing depression and anxiety more than twenty years after polytrauma.

A method of estimating age of undocumented children and young adults of different socioeconomic status in Cambodia.

A growing number of Cambodian children without legal documentary evidence of date of birth are vulnerable to exploitation. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of southern Chinese reference dataset for dental age estimation on Cambodian children and young adults of different socioeconomic status. Dental panoramic tomographs (DPT) of 371 Cambodian children and young adults belonging to lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES) groups were analyzed.

Imaging of acute abdomen in cancer patients.

The pattern of disease causing acute abdominal pain has changed over last few decades, some of this has been attributed to intraabdominal cancers. The most common acute abdominal complaints in cancer patients are related to the gastrointestinal system. Abdominal emergencies in cancer patients can result from the underlying malignancy itself, cancer therapy and/or result from the standard pathologies causing acute abdomen in otherwise healthy population.

Imaging in pediatric ovarian tumors.

The spectrum of ovarian tumors in the pediatric population differs significantly from that in adults. Germ cell tumors are the predominant class of ovarian tumors in children, whereas epithelial tumors are the most common in adults. Ultrasonography is the modality of choice for the initial evaluation of pediatric ovarian tumors.

GD2-directed CAR-T cells in combination with HGF-targeted neutralizing antibody (AMG102) prevent primary tumor growth and metastasis in Ewing sarcoma.

Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is the second most common and aggressive type of metastatic bone tumor in adolescents and young adults. There is unmet medical need to develop and test novel pharmacological targets and novel therapies to treat EWS. Here, we found that EWS expresses high levels of a p53 isoform, delta133p53.

Easy prognostic assessment of concomitant organ failure in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease. We evaluated the prognostic utility of Model for End-stage Liver Disease excluding INR (MELD-XI) score for predicting mortality in a cohort of critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation.

Methods: In total, 11,091 mechanically ventilated patients were included in our post-hoc retrospective analysis, a subgroup of the VENTILA study (NCT02731898).

International prevalence and risk factors evaluation for drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia.

Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent bacterial pathogen isolated in subjects with Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) worldwide. Limited data are available regarding the current global burden and risk factors associated with drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP) in CAP subjects. We assessed the multinational prevalence and risk factors for DRSP-CAP in a multinational point-prevalence study.

Risk factors for chemotherapy-induced nausea in pediatric patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

Background: Little is known regarding risk factors for chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN) in pediatric patients.

Procedure: A secondary analysis was conducted of a previously published multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of acupressure in preventing CIN in pediatric patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. The primary outcome was nausea severity, self-reported using the Pediatric Nausea Assessment Tool.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Frequent Hospitalized Exacerbations: A Prospective Multicentre Study.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a common microorganism related to severe exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, their role in COPD patients with frequent hospitalized exacerbations (FHE) is not well described.

Objectives: We aimed to determine prevalence, risk factors, susceptibility patterns and impact on outcomes of PA in COPD patients with FHE.

Context and clinical reasoning : Understanding the medical student perspective.

Introduction: Studies have shown that a physician's clinical reasoning performance can be influenced by contextual factors. We explored how the clinical reasoning performance of medical students was impacted by contextual factors in order to expand upon previous findings in resident and board certified physicians. Using situated cognition as the theoretical framework, our aim was to evaluate the verbalized clinical reasoning processes of medical students in order to describe what impact the presence of contextual factors has on their reasoning performance.

SIRT6-mediated transcriptional suppression of Txnip is critical for pancreatic beta cell function and survival in mice.

Aims/hypothesis: Better understanding of how genetic and epigenetic components control beta cell differentiation and function is key to the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent beta cell dysfunction and failure in the progression of type 2 diabetes. Our goal was to elucidate the role of histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in beta cell development and homeostasis.

Methods: Sirt6 endocrine progenitor cell conditional knockout and beta cell-specific knockout mice were generated using the Cre-loxP system.

Remineralisation - the buzzword for early MI caries management.

Minimal intervention (MI) dentistry aims to preserve dental tissues first and restore only when indicated, thus remineralisation of initial (non-cavitated) caries lesions, an integral part of caries management, is an essential treatment strategy in MI. With this understanding, dental practitioners are increasingly embracing the principle of non-operative treatment of initial caries lesions. The purpose of this review was to summarise the most recent literature published in non-operative management of dental caries.

Mechanism of melatonin protection against copper-ascorbate-induced oxidative damage in vitro through isothermal titration calorimetry.

Aims: Involvement of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases is well established. Melatonin's role as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger via its receptor dependent and receptor independent pathways is well known. The aim of this study is to identify and elaborate upon a third mechanism by which melatonin is able to abrogate oxidative stress.