Cytologic changes in cervical smears associated with prolonged use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Background: Hormonal effects have always played a significant role in gynecologic cytology. In atrophic and postpartum smears, interpretation may be complicated by large numbers of parabasal cells with high nuclear cytoplasmic ratios and hyperchromatic nuclei that mimic precancerous lesions (squamous intraepithelial lesions, SILs). The authors have observed atrophic and postpartumlike changes in patients receiving depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate for prolonged periods.

Apocrine metaplasia in gynecomastia by fine needle aspiration as a possible indicator of anabolic steroid use. A report of two cases.

Background: The fine needle aspiration finding of apocrine metaplasia in association with the usual cytologic findings of gynecomastia is distinctly unusual. Previous reports do not mention any historical clinical association.

Cases: Two otherwise healthy adult males presented for fine needle aspiration (FNA) of new-onset breast masses.

Rapid gastric emptying of a solid pancake meal in type II diabetic patients.

Objective: To estimate the rate of gastric emptying of a solid pancake carbohydrate meal in recently diagnosed asymptomatic type II diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic control subjects.

Research Design And Methods: Gastric emptying studies using radiolabeled meals were performed on eight recently diagnosed asymptomatic diabetic patients and on eight sex-, BMI- and age-matched nondiabetic control subjects. Although a liquid protein drink was administered along with the pancake meal, the radioactivity was adherent to only the pancake portion of the meal.

Epstein-Barr virus infection is an early event in gastric carcinogenesis and is independent of bcl-2 expression and p53 accumulation.

Ninety-five cases of adenocarcinoma of the stomach were evaluated for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) using a sensitive in situ hybridization assay targeting Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA 1 (EBER1) transcripts. EBER1 was detected in 11 of 95 (12%) of cases. When present, the virus was localized to malignant epithelial cells and to dysplastic gastric epithelium, but was not seen in normal-appearing gastric epithelium or intestinal metaplasia.

Molecular evidence links lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract with mantle cell lymphoma.

Lymphomatous polyposis (LP) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma manifested by numerous polyps affecting long segments of the gastrointestinal tract. The malignant cells of LP often share morphological and immunophenotypic similarity with cells of nodal-based mantle cell lymphoma. Recent genetic studies have shown that mantle cell lymphomas frequently possess a characteristic translocation of the JH/bcl-1 loci.

Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma using fine-needle aspiration biopsy and molecular diagnostics.

Molecular technology is being utilized increasingly for diagnostic purposes by practicing pathologists. Techniques such as Southern blot, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction have recently been introduced to the clinical laboratory setting. We describe a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma that highlights the potential utility of DNA technology to secure an accurate diagnosis of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Extranodal lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease. Clinical and pathologic features.

Although B-cell nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease (nodular paragranuloma, LPHD) typically presents at low stage, reported series have identified a minor population of patients with advanced disease. Clinicopathologic findings in 13 cases of LPHD are described that had extranodal manifestations. The B-cell immunophenotype was confirmed in all cases with paraffin-section immunostains.

Gastric emptying in Mexican Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites.

Mexican Americans, a group at high risk for type II diabetes mellitus, have higher postprandial insulin and glucose levels when compared to non-Hispanic whites. A rapid rate of gastric emptying contributes to an increased rate of nutrient absorption and subsequent greater elevation of postprandial glucose and insulin levels. A more rapid rate of gastric emptying and hyperinsulinemia have been observed in patients with recently diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus.

New characterization of infectious mononucleosis and a phenotypic comparison with Hodgkin's disease.

Recent nucleic acid hybridization studies have implied that Reed-Sternberg/Hodgkin (RS/H) cells are infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) before malignant transformation, and hence, that Hodgkin's disease could develop as a consequence of malignant transformation of an EBV-infected cell. This study is a detailed immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization characterization of the various lymphoid cells in nine cases of infectious mononucleosis (IM), the acute manifestation of EBV infection. The RS/H-like cells of IM were similar in most respects to their morphologically identical counterparts in Hodgkin's disease; they expressed the EBV-encoded protein LMP1, EBV EBER1 transcripts, and CD30 and rarely, if ever, expressed CD45/LCA or T cell markers.

Munchausen's syndrome and the laboratory. Self-injection of human chorionic gonadotropin.

A woman presented to our emergency center after self-injection of human chorionic gonadotropin in an attempt to gain admission to the hospital. Her initial urine pregnancy test (an assay for beta-hCG) was negative. Subsequent blood samples received from the patient the same day revealed markedly elevated beta-hCG levels, suggesting possible laboratory error.

rab8 in retinal photoreceptors may participate in rhodopsin transport and in rod outer segment disk morphogenesis.

Small GTP-binding protein rab8 regulates transport from the TGN to the basolateral plasma membrane in epithelial cells and to the dendritic plasma membrane in cultured hippocampal neurons. In our approach to identify proteins involved in rhodopsin transport and sorting in retinal photoreceptors, we have found, using [32P]GTP overlays of 2D gel blots, that six small GTP-binding proteins are tightly bound to the post-Golgi membranes immunoisolated with a mAb to the cytoplasmic domain of frog rhodopsin. We report here that one of these proteins is rab8.

Use of a more physiologic oral glucose solution during screening for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: We sought to compare in pregnant women deviations in glucose values, insulin values, and the occurrence of side effects between a "standard" 50 gm oral glucose solution (50 gm of glucose in 150 ml of fluid, 1.85 mol/L) versus a modified "physiologic" 50 gm oral glucose solution (50 gm of glucose in 450 ml of fluid, 0.62 mol/L) as a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Determination of tricyclic antidepressants for ED analysis.

Both the Biosite Triage (Biosite Diagnostics, San Diego, CA) method and the Du Pont aca (Du Pont Company, Wilmington, DE) method give qualitative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) results to aid in the diagnosis of a TCA overdose. The Triage method uses urine samples and the aca uses serum samples. Although the cutoff values vary considerably between the two methods, the Triage results agreed well with the aca results.

Determination of SCH 39304 by megabore capillary gas-liquid chromatography.

A gas-liquid chromatographic procedure for determination of SCH 39304 at low nanogram concentrations in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine is presented. The methodology combines a high selectivity and sensitivity nitrogen-specific detector, a gas chromatograph equipped with a capillary "megabore" column, and an internal standard that is very similar in chemical structure to the drug being assayed. This method is suitable for both pharmacokinetic studies as well as for monitoring drug levels in patients receiving SCH 39304 for antifungal treatment.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of mammary adenomyoepithelioma: report of a case with intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions.

Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast is an uncommon lesion which may recur and rarely metastasizes. We report the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) findings in one case of mammary adenomyoepithelioma in which this tumor's unusual cytomorphology led to a cytologic diagnosis of malignancy, possible metastatic to the breast. Large, atypical, polygonal cells, some with intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, were most worrisome cytologically, but corresponded in the biopsied specimen to cells immunohistochemically documented to be of myoepithelial origin.

Cytologic atypia associated with microglandular hyperplasia.

Although it has long been known that microglandular hyperplasia (MGH) may be associated with cytologic atypia in cervical smears, the cytomorphology of MGH has not been described in great detail. To clarify its cytomorphology, Pap smears obtained from biopsy proven cases of MGH over a 3-yr period were reviewed. Of 122 smears containing endocervical cells, 34 (28%) showed striking glandular abnormalities.

Mechanisms of cell injury in ATP-depleted proximal tubules. Role of glycine, calcium, and polyphosphoinositides.

Increase of intracellular free Ca2+ (Caf) plays an important role in the deterioration of cell structure that occurs during depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). On the other hand a form of Ca2+ independent cell injury due to glycine deficiency has also been recognized. Normally high intracellular gradients of glycine are dissipated during ATP depletion.

Rab6 is associated with a compartment that transports rhodopsin from the trans-Golgi to the site of rod outer segment disk formation in frog retinal photoreceptors.

The biogenesis of light sensitive membranes in retinal rod photoreceptors involves polarized sorting and targeting of newly synthesized rhodopsin to a specialized domain, the rod outer segment (ROS). We have isolated and characterized the population of post-Golgi membranes that mediate intracellular transport of rhodopsin. In the present study we have examined the association of small (20-25 kDa) GTP-binding (G) proteins with these membranes.

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in human tissues by molecular genetic techniques.

In the past few years, there has been an explosion of new data on the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with human disease. Many of these discoveries have come as a direct result of the application of DNA technology. The nucleic acid hybridization techniques most commonly used to detect EBV in human tissues include Southern blot analysis, in situ hybridization to viral DNA or RNA, and polymerase chain reaction.

Conservation of structure in ATP-depleted proximal tubules: role of calcium, polyphosphoinositides, and glycine.

Increases of intracellular free Ca2+ (Caf) may mediate phospholipid hydrolysis and disintegration in energy-compromised cells; on the other hand, glycine and related amino acids preserve structure. We have examined the effects of increased Caf on phospholipids and structure in ATP-depleted cells, as well as how these actions may be modified by glycine. Incubation of isolated proximal tubules with antimycin A led to ATP depletion, delayed increases of Caf to micromolar levels, polyphosphoinositide (PPI) hydrolysis by phospholipase C, and generalized disintegration of cell structure.

Differential electron capture mass spectral response of pentafluorobenzoyl derivatives of platelet activating factor alkyl chain homologs.

The electron capture mass spectrometric response of pentafluorobenzoyl ester derivatives of platelet-activating factor alkyl chain homologs has been found to be inversely proportional to their alkyl chain length. This phenomenon was observed when either the gas chromatograph or direct insertion probe was utilized for sample introduction. A similar differential response was also obtained for a series of fatty alcohols, analyzed as pentafluorobenzoyl esters.