Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Decision-Making Behaviors among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.

Despite the availability of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, uptake among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa has been low. This scoping review aimed to identify and characterize determinants influencing COVID-19 vaccination decision-making behaviors among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa. We searched five online databases for articles on COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Integrating, Harmonizing, and Curating Studies With High-Frequency and Hourly Physiological Data: Proof of Concept from Seven Traumatic Brain Injury Data Sets.

Research in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has historically been limited by studies with relatively small sample sizes that result in low power to detect small, yet clinically meaningful outcomes. Data sharing and integration from existing sources hold promise to yield larger more robust sample sizes that improve the potential signal and generalizability of important research questions. However, curation and harmonization of data of different types and of disparate provenance is challenging.

Metabolomics of Dietary Intake of Total, Animal, and Plant Protein: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Background: Dietary consumption has traditionally been studied through food intake questionnaires. Metabolomics can be used to identify blood markers of dietary protein that may complement existing dietary assessment tools.

Objectives: We aimed to identify associations between 3 dietary protein sources (total protein, animal protein, and plant protein) and serum metabolites using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Dimension reduction of 911 Good Samaritan Laws: Drawing inferences from policy surveillance.

Background: 911 Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs) extend legal protection to people reporting drug overdoses who may otherwise be in violation of controlled substance laws. Mixed evidence suggests GSLs decrease overdose mortality, but these studies overlook substantial heterogeneity across states. The GSL Inventory exhaustively catalogs features of these laws into four categories: breadth, burden, strength, and exemption.

Adherence to Opioid Patient Prescriber Agreements at a Safety Net Hospital.

Patient prescriber agreements, also known as opioid contracts or opioid treatment agreements, have been recommended as a strategy for mitigating non-medical opioid use (NMOU). The purpose of our study was to characterize the proportion of patients with PPAs, the rate of non-adherence, and clinical predictors for PPA completion and non-adherence. This retrospective study covered consecutive cancer patients seen at a palliative care clinic at a safety net hospital between 1 September 2015 and 31 December 2019.

How Blackouts during Heat Waves Amplify Mortality and Morbidity Risk.

The recent concurrence of electrical grid failure events in time with extreme temperatures is compounding the population health risks of extreme weather episodes. Here, we combine simulated heat exposure data during historical heat wave events in three large U.S.

It's not just about pads! Adolescent reproductive health views in Kenya: A qualitative secondary analysis.

Many adolescents face barriers to accessing reproductive health care even though quality reproductive health care is a fundamental human right. The objective of this study is to understand the requests of quality reproductive health among high school girls in Kenya. We conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a sub-sample of adolescent girls in Kenya who participated in the What Women Want global campaign and analyzed interview data from key informants involved in the survey.

Variability in the Transition of Care to Poststroke Rehabilitation During the First Wave of COVID-19.

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate transitions of acute stroke and inpatient rehabilitation facility care during the first wave of COVID-19.

Design: This is a retrospective observational study (3 comprehensive stroke centers with hospital-based inpatient rehabilitation facilities) between January 1, 2019, and May 31, 2019 (acute stroke = 584, inpatient rehabilitation facility = 210) and January 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020 (acute stroke = 534, inpatient rehabilitation facility = 186). Acute stroke characteristics included stroke type, demographics, and medical comorbidities.

Association of Social Determinants of Health, Race and Ethnicity, and Age of Menarche among US Women Over 2 Decades.

Introduction: Age of menarche (AOM), or the first menstrual cycle, is one indicator of female puberty. The timing of AOM can be influenced by social determinants of health (SDOH). This study examined associations between SDOH and AOM over the past 2 decades in the United States.

Application of implementation mapping to develop strategies for integrating the National Diabetes Prevention Program into primary care clinics.

Background: Diabetes is considered one of the most prevalent and preventable chronic health conditions in the United States. Research has shown that evidence-based prevention measures and lifestyle changes can help lower the risk of developing diabetes. The National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) is an evidence-based program recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; it is designed to reduce diabetes risk through intensive group counseling in nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral management.

Mechanisms of climate change and related air pollution on the immune system leading to allergic disease and asthma.

Climate change is considered the greatest threat to global health. Greenhouse gases as well as global surface temperatures have increased causing more frequent and intense heat and cold waves, wildfires, floods, drought, altered rainfall patterns, hurricanes, thunderstorms, air pollution, and windstorms. These extreme weather events have direct and indirect effects on the immune system, leading to allergic disease due to exposure to pollen, molds, and other environmental pollutants.

A practical method for integrating community priorities in planning and implementing cancer control programs.

Purpose: Community engagement is essential in effective public health programs. This paper illustrates the methods used to engage community in the development of a multi-level implementation intervention to address cancer disparities related to hereditary cancer syndromes.

Methods: Implementation Mapping (IM), was used to guide the co-creation of an intervention.

Leading past COVID-19: An analysis of remote work now and beyond.

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many cancer centers and clinics deployed remote work options for their employees. Due to the rapid response needed during this crisis, little to no feedback was obtained from dosimetrists. This study aimed to assess the productivity level and job satisfaction of medical dosimetrists in response to changes in working conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Impact of Body Mass Index and Medical Conditions on Home-based Anal Self-Sampling.

Self-sampling is increasingly being used in screening programs, yet no studies to date have examined the impact of bodily characteristics on self-sampling experiences. Our objective was to assess whether body mass index (BMI) and physical disability were associated with anal self-sampling difficulty. We recruited sexual minority men (SMM) and trans persons in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to participate in an anal cancer screening study.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide study in >2.5 million individuals reveals heterogeneity in mechanistic pathways of type 2 diabetes and complications.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes. To characterise the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% non-European ancestry), including 428,452 T2D cases.

Effect of inpatient rehabilitation facility care on ninety day modified Rankin score in ischemic stroke patients.

Objective: To determine Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility (IRF) treatment effect on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Materials And Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 738 AIS patients admitted 1/1/2018-12/31/2020 to a Comprehensive Stroke Center with a Stroke Rehabilitation program. We compared outcomes for patients who went directly home versus went to IRF at hospital discharge: (1) acute care length of stay (LOS), (2) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, (3) mRS score at hospital discharge and 90 days, (4) the proportion of mRS scores ≤ 2 from hospital discharge to 90 days.

The social vulnerability index as a risk stratification tool for health disparity research in cancer patients: a scoping review.

Purpose: The social vulnerability index (SVI), developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is a novel composite measure encompassing multiple variables that correspond to key social determinants of health. The objective of this review was to investigate innovative applications of the SVI to oncology research and to employ the framework of the cancer care continuum to elucidate further research opportunities.

Methods: A systematic search for relevant articles was performed in five databases from inception to 13 May 2022.

Examining readiness for implementing practice changes in federally qualified health centers: A rapid qualitative study.

Implementing evidence-based interventions remains slow in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). The purpose of this study is to qualitatively examine the R = MC (Readiness = motivation × innovation specific capacity × general capacity) heuristic subcomponents in the context of implementing general and colorectal cancer screening (CRCS)-related practice changes in FQHCs. We conducted 17 interviews with FQHC employees to examine (1) experiences with successful or unsuccessful practice change efforts, (2) using approaches to promote CRCS, and (3) opinions about R = MC subcomponents.

Utilization of inpatient palliative care services among adolescents and young adults with cancer: Evidence from National Inpatient Sample 2016-2019.

Objectives: Palliative care can improve the quality of life of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer. However, little is known about the utilization of palliative care among AYA cancer patients. Identifying factors associated with the utilization of palliative care could inform efforts to improve palliative care access among AYA patients living with cancer.

Academic and Attendance Outcomes after Participation in a School Breakfast Program.

Background: Little is known about how school breakfast programs are associated with school attendance and academic performance. This study evaluated Dallas Independent School District's (DISD) breakfast after the bell (BATB) program that provides breakfast for both habitually tardy and non-tardy students on (1) academic performance and (2) student attendance over 2 school years.

Methods: A pre-post study design evaluated the impact of the BATB program in elementary/middle/high schools on student attendance and academic outcomes.

A Longitudinal Study of Acculturation in Context and Cardiovascular Health and Their Effects on Cognition Among Older Latino Adults.

Background We previously outlined the importance of considering acculturation within the context of older Latino adults' lived experience (ie, acculturation in context) to better capture contributors to cognitive aging. We now examine this conceptual framework as related to level of and change in cardiovascular health, and whether cardiovascular health modifies previously documented associations of acculturation in context with cognition. Methods and Results Acculturation in context data from 192 Latino participants without dementia at baseline (age ~70 years) were compiled into 3 separate composite scores: acculturation-related (nativity, language-, and social-based preferences), contextually related socioenvironmental (experiences of discrimination, social isolation, social networks), and familism-related (Latino-centric family ethos).

A Means of Codifying Safety Cross-Training Knowledge Expectations for Biosafety Professionals.

Introduction: The health and safety issues encountered by biosafety professionals in the daily conduct of their work is rarely limited solely to potentially infectious pathogens. A basic understanding of the other types of hazards inherent to laboratories is necessary. As such, management of the health and safety program at an academic health institution sought to ensure crosscutting competency for its technical staff, including staff members within the biosafety program.