Detection of Elder Abuse Through Emergency Care Technicians Screening Tool Revision for Home-Based Primary Care (DETECT-RPC): a cluster randomised controlled trial study protocol.

Introduction: The annual prevalence of elder mistreatment (EM) in cognitively intact older adults is estimated to be 11%, yet the annual prevalence in older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) is estimated to be as high as 75%. Associated with a decrease in quality of life and increase in risk of mortality, EM represents a significant public health burden. Home-based primary care (HBPC) providers are uniquely positioned to address the critical need for robust EM screening and reporting, especially among individuals with AD/ADRD.

Use of Digital Health Interventions for Cancer Prevention Among People Living With Disabilities in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Background: The use of digital health strategies for cancer care increased dramatically in the United States over the past 4 years. However, a dearth of knowledge remains about the use of digital health for cancer prevention for some populations with heath disparities. Therefore, the purpose of the present scoping review was to identify digital health interventions for cancer prevention designed for people with disabilities.

Worldwide Policy, Surveillance, and Research on Physical Education and School-Based Physical Activity: The Global Observatory for Physical Education (GoPE!) Conceptual Framework and Research Protocol.

Introduction: The Global Observatory for Physical Education (GoPE!) builds on the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) to address gaps in surveillance, policy, and research on physical education (PE) and activity (PA). GoPE! is a worldwide surveillance system of quality PE and school-based PA that informs policy and interventions and allows comparative analysis so that each country and region can check their status and progress. This paper presents GoPE!'s conceptual framework and describes the research protocol as a cross-continental and evidence-based surveillance system.

Sleep macro-architecture and dementia risk in adults: Meta-analysis of 5 cohorts from the Sleep and Dementia Consortium.

Study Objectives: Poor sleep may play a role in the risk of dementia. However, few studies have investigated the association between polysomnography (PSG)-derived sleep architecture and dementia incidence. We examined the relationship between sleep macro-architecture and dementia incidence across five US-based cohort studies from the Sleep and Dementia Consortium (SDC).

Utilization of Palliative Care in Cardiogenic Shock Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample Database, 2020.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is one of the leading causes of death in patients with myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and congestive heart failure. The utilization patterns of specialist palliative care (PC) consultation in these patients are currently unknown. To determine the utilization of PC in patients with CS and the overall comorbidities of that population.

Whole genome sequence-based association analysis of African American individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

In studies of individuals of primarily European genetic ancestry, common and low-frequency variants and rare coding variants have been found to be associated with the risk of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). However, less is known for individuals of other genetic ancestries or the role of rare non-coding variants in BD and SZ risk. We performed whole genome sequencing of African American individuals: 1,598 with BD, 3,295 with SZ, and 2,651 unaffected controls (InPSYght study).

Impact of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities on presentation and survival of HCC: A multicenter study.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities have been reported for HCC prognosis, although few studies fully account for clinically important factors and social determinants of health, including neighborhood socioeconomic status.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients newly diagnosed with HCC from January 2010 through August 2018 at 4 large health systems in the United States. We used multivariable logistic regression and cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models to identify factors associated with early-stage HCC presentation and overall survival.

New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 07: Human Health and Safety.

New Yorkers face a multitude of health and safety risks that are exacerbated by a changing climate. These risks include direct impacts from extreme weather events and other climate hazards, as well as indirect impacts occurring through a chain of interactions. Physical safety, physical health, and mental health are all part of the equation-as are the many nonclimate factors that interact with climate change to influence health outcomes.

Severe Maternal Morbidity and Postpartum Care: An Investigation Among a Privately Insured Population in the United States, 2008-2019.

This study examines postpartum health care utilization among women with severe maternal morbidity (SMM) subtypes (e.g., blood transfusion, renal), focusing on both early (within 7 days) and late (8-42 days) postpartum periods.

Individual and County-Level Factors Associated with Severe Maternal Morbidity at Delivery: An Investigation of a Privately Insured Population in the United States, 2008 to 2018.

Objective:  Few studies have explored the impact of county-level variables on severe maternal morbidity (SMM) subtypes. To address this gap, this study used a large commercial database to examine the associations between individual- and county-level factors and SMM.

Study Design:  This retrospective cohort study used data from the Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database from 2008 to 2018.

Healthcare Costs in the United States by Demographic Characteristics and Comorbidity Status.

Objectives: Current, real-world healthcare cost information is needed to project future expenditures and inform policy. We estimated the healthcare costs for adults in 2019 in the United States by age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and comorbidity.

Methods: We aggregated and summarized the healthcare costs in 2021 US dollars using claims data derived from Optum's deidentified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database, which includes inpatient, outpatient, and prescription claims for commercial and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries nationwide.

Impact of Environmental Noise and Sleep Health on Pediatric Hypertension Incidence: ABCD Study.

Background: Pediatric hypertension is linked to environmental factors like neighborhood noise disrupting sleep, which is crucial for health. The specific interaction between noise and sleep health in causing hypertension still needs to be explored.

Methods And Results: We analyzed data from 3320 participants of the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) study, recruited across 21 US cities and monitored from 2018 to 2020 through 2020 to 2022.

Short-Term Outcomes of a Healthy Relationship Intervention for the Prevention of Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault in the US Military: Pilot Pretest-Postest Study.

Background: Sexual harassment (SH) and sexual assault (SA) are serious public health problems among US service members. Few SH and SA prevention interventions have been developed exclusively for the military. Code of Respect (X-CoRe) is an innovative web-based, multilevel, SA and SH intervention designed exclusively for the active-duty Air Force.

Serum metabolite signature of the modified Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet.

Introduction: There is a lack of biomarkers of clinically important diets, such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet.

Objectives: Our study explored serum metabolites associated with adherence to the MIND diet.

Methods: In 3,908 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants, we calculated a modified MIND diet score based on a 66-item self-reported food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

Sex differences in perceived discrimination among patients with obesity.

The negative impacts of perceived discrimination on health have been documented, but how perceptions of discrimination vary by sex among people with obesity (PWO) is not well understood. This study assessed sex differences in perceived discrimination among PWO. This cross-sectional study analysed self-reported data from racially/ethnically diverse PWO attending an academic obesity program.

Lifestyle intervention and support preferences to maximize health outcomes in adolescent bariatric surgery patients.

Introduction: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is safe and efficacious for adolescents with severe obesity. Pairing MBS with behavioral lifestyle interventions may be effective for optimizing treatment outcomes. However, no standardized program exists.

National Trends in the Utilization and Expenditure of Chiropractic Care in U.S. Adults: Analysis of the 2007-2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the trends in the utilization and expenditure of chiropractic care in a representative sample of US adults, aged ≥18 years.

Methods: Serial cross-sectional data (2007-2016) from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were examined. Weighted descriptive statistics were analyzed to obtain national estimates of chiropractic utilization and expenditure, and time-series linear regression was used to assess trends over time.

Examining Management and Employees' Perceptions of Occupational Heat Exposure and the Effectiveness of a Heat Stress Prevention Intervention on Safety and Well-Being among Natural Gas Construction Workers: A Qualitative Field-Based Study.

Background: Numerous risk factors have been identified as significantly influencing outdoor workers' risk for heat stress and heat-related conditions, impacting their health, well-being, and productivity. However, the specific effects of these factors on construction workers' safety, health, and well-being remain under-researched. With climate change increasing temperatures, assessing heat stress among construction workers is imperative.

Engagement and Factors Associated With Annual Anal Human Papillomavirus Screening Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals.

Background: Although self-sampling could help address anal cancer screening barriers, no studies have investigated annual engagement with this method or compared it with annual screening with a provider. Building on our baseline article, we compared annual anal screening engagement between home-based self-sampling and clinic-based clinician sampling.

Methods: The Prevent Anal Cancer Self-Swab Study recruited and randomized sexual and gender minority individuals 25 years and older who have sex with men to a home or clinic arm.

The Impact of Household Dysfunction on Dating Violence Perpetration Among Adolescents in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Adverse childhood experiences, such as household dysfunction (HD), play a central role in how adolescents establish, experience, and navigate the challenges of relationship formation, maintenance, and dissolution. HD exposures have been independently associated with dating violence (DV) perpetration in both adolescents and adults. However, research examining the association between the concurrent effect of HD on DV perpetration, especially among adolescents remains scarce.

Semi-supervised machine learning method for predicting homogeneous ancestry groups to assess Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in diverse whole-genome sequencing studies.

Large-scale, multi-ethnic whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies, such as the National Human Genome Research Institute Genome Sequencing Program's Centers for Common Disease Genomics (CCDG), play an important role in increasing diversity for genetic research. Before performing association analyses, assessing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is a crucial step in quality control procedures to remove low quality variants and ensure valid downstream analyses. Diverse WGS studies contain ancestrally heterogeneous samples; however, commonly used HWE methods assume that the samples are homogeneous.

Risk Factors for Delayed Treatment of Gonorrhea and Chlamydia in Active-Duty Service Members.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections including gonorrhea and chlamydia are common in the active-duty military population, with historically higher rates than their civilian counterparts. Prevention and screening are 2 of the main strategies used to reduce the chronic medical complications and costs associated with untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia; however, there is little information in the literature regarding treatment time after a positive screening. To our knowledge, there has not yet been a study regarding delayed treatment of gonorrhea and chlamydia in the active-duty population.

The Normalization of Vaping on TikTok Using Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, and Qualitative Thematic Analysis: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Social media posts that portray vaping in positive social contexts shape people's perceptions and serve to normalize vaping. Despite restrictions on depicting or promoting controlled substances, vape-related content is easily accessible on TikTok. There is a need to understand strategies used in promoting vaping on TikTok, especially among susceptible youth audiences.