Reevaluating Anti-Inflammatory Therapy: Targeting Senescence to Balance Anti-Cancer Efficacy and Vascular Disease.

Modulating immune function is a critical strategy in cancer and atherosclerosis treatments. For cancer, boosting or maintaining the immune system is crucial to prevent tumor growth. However, in vascular disease, mitigating immune responses can decrease inflammation and slow atherosclerosis progression.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk in South Asians in the Baylor Scott and White Health DILWALE Registry.

Background: Despite implementation of preventive interventions targeting cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) remains a major public health concern in the South Asian (SA) population.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factor prevalence and ASCVD outcomes in SA population in the United States.

Methods: The DIL Wellness and Arterial health Longitudinal Evaluation registry collected data retrospectively on SA adult patients receiving care in the Baylor Scott & White Healthcare system.

Promoting Global Cardiovascular Health to Advance the Sustainable Development Agenda.

The burden of cardiovascular disease has declined in high-income countries in the past 3 decades but is growing in low- and middle-income countries due to epidemiological, demographic, and socioeconomic shifts. A range of cost-effective policies and interventions are available for advancing cardiovascular health (CVH) through primordial, primary, and secondary prevention. We showcase multifaceted challenges that stifle the global progress of CVH including shortcomings in financial protection, health systems, primary health care, national health policies, service coverage, and surveillance.

Selinexor (KPT-330) in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Uveal Melanoma: A Phase 1B Trial.

Introduction: Uveal melanoma remains a disease with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis despite advances in clinical management. Because monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to limited improvement in response rates, combination with other agents that act on the biological basis of oncogenesis has been proposed as a possible therapeutic strategy.

Methods: We designed a phase 1b trial to test the safety and tolerability of selinexor in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced uveal melanoma.

Non-instrumented management of traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation: surgical technique.

Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) in the adult population is primarily trauma-induced. Conservative and surgical treatments have both been used successfully in treating AARS. In cases where AARS cannot be reduced by conservative measures, open reduction and fusion is the conventional treatment approach.

Latest Advancements in Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Electronic Muscle Stimulation (EMS): Revisiting an Established Therapy with New Possibilities.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Electronic Muscle Stimulation (EMS) are non-invasive therapies widely used for pain relief and neuromuscular adaptation. However, the clinical research supporting the efficacy of TENS in chronic pain management is limited by significant methodological flaws, including small sample sizes and inconsistent reporting of stimulation parameters. TENS modulates pain perception through various techniques, targeting specific nerve fibers and pain pathways.

Malnutrition in Spine Oncology: Where Are We and What Are We Measuring?

Study Design: Scoping review.

Objective: To identify which markers are used as surrogates for malnutrition in metastatic spine disease and which are the most studied outcomes associated with it.

Methods: A scoping review was performed by searching the PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up to July 2022.

Resolving tissue complexity by multimodal spatial omics modeling with MISO.

Spatial molecular profiling has provided biomedical researchers valuable opportunities to better understand the relationship between cellular localization and tissue function. Effectively modeling multimodal spatial omics data is crucial for understanding tissue complexity and underlying biology. Furthermore, improvements in spatial resolution have led to the advent of technologies that can generate spatial molecular data with subcellular resolution, requiring the development of computationally efficient methods that can handle the resulting large-scale datasets.

Longitudinal Treatment Patterns of Chorea in North American Patients with Huntington's Disease: Data from Enroll-HD.

Introduction: Chorea is the primary manifestation of Huntington's disease. Different clinicians pursue varied approaches to chorea management, and real-world evidence describing them is needed. The objective of this study was to assess the presence and severity of chorea, chorea pharmacotherapy, and treatment practice, and patterns in a large natural-history cohort with Huntington's disease.

Effect of electronic cigarette atomising power and flavour on aerosol size-segregated metal concentration and inhalation risk.

Introduction: Although numerous studies have estimated the inhalation dose of metals emitted from electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), the impact of factors including aerosol size and the atomising power of e-cig aerosols on estimating the inhalation dose of metals remains underexplored. A comprehensive understanding of these determinants is essential to assess the health risks associated with inhaling e-cig aerosols, which may contain potentially harmful metals.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to elucidate the mass and inhalation doses of potentially harmful metals in e-cig aerosols by different particle size and their association with the various atomising powers of e-cig devices and flavours.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Scleroderma Skin Questionnaire: A Novel Patient Reported Outcome for Skin Disease in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis.

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Scleroderma Skin Questionnaire (SSQ), a novel patient-reported outcome (PRO) to assess systemic sclerosis (SSc) related skin symptoms.

Methods: The SSQ was administered to 799 adults (mean age 52.7; 82% female) enrolled in the SSc Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER).

An Update on the Clinical Management of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infection caused by the Leishmania protozoa, which are primarily transmitted through bites of infected female sandflies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical management of CL, including an in-depth analysis of its epidemiology, prevention and control measures, diagnostic modalities - particularly molecular and serological, differential diagnosis with other lesions, and treatment options. Also discussed are recent concerns regarding the endemicity of CL, with a focus on the significant rise in travel-related cases as well as locally acquired cases, providing insight into the changing epidemiological landscape.

Rethinking the rise of early onset gastrointestinal cancers: a call to action.

Since the early 1990s, there has been a dramatic rise in gastrointestinal cancers diagnosed in patients under age 50 for reasons that remain poorly understood. The most significant change has been the increase in incidence rates of early-onset colorectal cancer, especially rates of left-sided colon and rectal cancers. Increases in gastric, pancreatic, and other gastrointestinal cancer diagnoses have further contributed to this trend.

Intraoperative Facet Joint Block Reduces Pain After Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) results in less tissue damage than in other surgeries, but immediate postoperative pain occurs. Notably, facet joint widening occurs in the vertebral body after OLIF. We hypothesized that the application of a facet joint block to the area of widening would relieve facet joint pain.

Targeting TRPC channels for control of arthritis-induced bone erosion.

Arthritis leads to bone erosion due to an imbalance between osteoclast and osteoblast function. Our prior investigations revealed that the Ca-selective ion channel, Orai1, is critical for osteoclast maturation. Here, we show that the small-molecule ELP-004 preferentially inhibits transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels.

Palliative Care Initiated in the Emergency Department: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The emergency department (ED) offers an opportunity to initiate palliative care for older adults with serious, life-limiting illness.

Objective: To assess the effect of a multicomponent intervention to initiate palliative care in the ED on hospital admission, subsequent health care use, and survival in older adults with serious, life-limiting illness.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cluster randomized, stepped-wedge, clinical trial including patients aged 66 years or older who visited 1 of 29 EDs across the US between May 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, had 12 months of prior Medicare enrollment, and a Gagne comorbidity score greater than 6, representing a risk of short-term mortality greater than 30%.

General Kernel Machine Methods for Multi-Omics Integration and Genome-Wide Association Testing With Related Individuals.

Integrating multi-omics data may help researchers understand the genetic underpinnings of complex traits and diseases. However, the best ways to integrate multi-omics data and use them to address pressing scientific questions remain a challenge. One important and topical problem is how to assess the aggregate effect of multiple genomic data types (e.

Assessing Clinical Improvement of Infants Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Critical Illness.

Background: Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) commonly requires hospitalization. The Clinical Progression Scale Pediatrics (CPS-Ped) measures level of respiratory support and degree of hypoxia across a range of disease severity, but it has not been applied in infants hospitalized with severe RSV-LRTI.

Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective surveillance registry of infants hospitalized for RSV-related complications across 39 U.

Reduction of vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury with montelukast.

Background: Vancomycin ranks amongst the most utilized antimicrobial agents in the treatment of serious β-lactam-resistant Gram-positive infections, but its use has been associated with nephrotoxicity. Reduction of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported in pre-clinical models with adjuvant montelukast. The purpose of the study was to ascertain if montelukast was associated with a reduction in the prevalence of vancomycin-associated AKI.

Immediate skin-to-skin contact and postpartum hemorrhagic morbidity.

Objective: To examine rates of postpartum hemorrhagic (PPH) morbidity among patients who did and did not have immediate skin-to-skin contact (SSC).

Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort of all non-anomalous, term singleton vaginal births at a Level IV center over 2 years. Exclusion criteria included COVID-19.

Long-Term Impact of Pregnancy on Clinical Outcomes in Individuals With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: The effect of pregnancy on individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is not well investigated.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of pregnancy on all-cause mortality and clinical outcomes among individuals with HCM.

Methods: Using the TriNetX research network, we identified individuals within reproductive age (≥18-45 years) with a diagnosis of HCM between 2012 and 2022 (n = 10,936).

Light-dark shift promotes colon carcinogenesis through accelerated colon aging.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with rising prevalence among younger adults. Several lifestyle factors, particularly disruptions in circadian rhythms by light-dark (LD) shifts, are known to increase CRC risk. Epidemiological studies previously showed LD-shifts are associated with increased risk of CRC.

Pre-Operative Management of the Penicillin Allergic Patient: A Narrative Review.

Penicillin is a frequently reported medication allergy. The beta-lactam ring shared between cephalosporins and penicillin often leads to the use of alternative antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis due to concern for cross-reactivity, despite a true IgE-mediated hypersensitivity being very rare. This misconception leads to the use of less effective second line antibiotics, such as clindamycin or vancomycin, for penicillin-allergic patients which has been shown to increase odds of postoperative infection in elective knee arthroplasty, shoulder arthroplasty and spine surgery.