Disruption of causes craniofacial anomalies in developing zebrafish.

Craniofacial development is a complex and tightly regulated process and disruptions can lead to structural birth defects, the most common being nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP). Previously, we identified as a candidate regulator of NSCLP through family-based association studies, yet its specific contributions to oral and palatal formation are poorly understood. This study investigated the role of during zebrafish craniofacial development through genetic disruption and knockdown approaches.

Adams-Oliver Syndrome: Vestigial Tail and Genetics Update.

Adams-Oliver syndrome is a well-recognized autosomal dominant disorder for which mutations in six genes are etiologic, but account for only one-third of the cases. We report a patient with two genetic disorders; Adams-Oliver and Xp22.33 deletion syndromes, as well as a vestigial pseudotail.

Efficacy of medications in adult patients with trigeminal neuralgia compared to placebo intervention: a systematic review with meta-analyses.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by brief, unilateral, sharp, stabbing, and shooting pain of the fifth cranial nerve. The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the effect of medications compared to placebo in adult patients with TN.

Methods: Review authors identified randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE up to February 2021.

Immediate Implant Placement and Provisionalization in the Esthetic Zone: A 6.5-Year Follow-Up and Literature Review.

The success of dental implant therapy in the esthetic zone requires not only functional osseointegration but also a satisfactory esthetic outcome. To establish harmony, balance, and continuity of gingival architecture between an implant restoration and the adjacent natural dentition is challenging. Immediate implant placement and provisionalization following tooth extraction have been documented as a predictable treatment modality, with fewer surgical interventions needed, to replace a missing tooth in the esthetic zone.

Functional characterization of ATF1, GREM2 AND WNT10B variants associated with tooth agenesis.

Objective: To determine the functional effects of ATF1, WNT10B and GREM2 gene variants identified in individuals with tooth agenesis (TA).

Settings And Sample Population: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) were used as an in vitro model system to test the effect of TA-associated variants.

Materials And Methods: Plasmid constructs containing reference and mutant alleles for ATF1 rs11169552, WNT10B rs833843 and GREM2 rs1414655 variants were transfected into SHED for functional characterization of variants.

Increasing value, reducing waste: tailoring the application of dental sealants according to individual caries risk.

Objectives: Despite a significant national investment in oral health, there is little understanding of the return in terms of quality. Value-based payments aim to refocus provider reimbursement based on the value created to the patient. Our objectives were to apply a set of dental quality measures to help determine the value of preventive dental care provided to children at two academic dental school clinics.

Determinants of Periodontal/Periapical Lesion Stability and Progression.

Periodontal and periapical lesions are infectious inflammatory osteolitytic conditions in which a complex inflammatory immune response mediates bone destruction. However, the uncertainty of a lesion's progressive or stable phenotype complicates understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms triggering lesion activity. Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies of both periodontal and periapical lesions points to a high receptor activator of NF-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio as the primary determinant of osteolytic activity, while a low RANKL/OPG ratio is often observed in inactive lesions.

SULF1 suppresses Wnt3A-driven growth of bone metastatic prostate cancer in perlecan-modified 3D cancer-stroma-macrophage triculture models.

Bone marrow stroma influences metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) progression, latency, and recurrence. At sites of PCa bone metastasis, cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages interact to establish a perlecan-rich desmoplastic stroma. As a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan (HSPG2) stores and stabilizes growth factors, including heparin-binding Wnt3A, a positive regulator of PCa cell growth.

Predicting bone and soft tissue alterations of immediate implant sites in the esthetic zone using clinical parameters.

Background: Immediate implantation is generally a predictable treatment, but sometimes there are significant tissue alterations at the surgical site which compromise clinical outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between tissue alterations and different clinical parameters in esthetic areas following immediate implant placement and provisionalization.

Materials And Methods: Clinical parameters were measured at 36 non-grafted immediate implant sites enrolled in a randomized controlled trial.

WNT gene polymorphisms and predisposition to apical periodontitis.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in WNT genes may impact gene/protein function and contribute to individual predisposition to apical periodontitis (AP). Here, we investigated the association of SNPs in/nearby WNT3, WNT3A, WNT5A, WNT8A, WNT9B and WNT11 genes with AP using a case-control dataset. Cases were defined as individuals with deep caries and AP (n = 188); controls had deep caries and no AP (n = 230).

PBX-WNT-P63-IRF6 pathway in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate.

Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) is one of the most common craniofacial anomalies in humans, affecting more than 135,000 newborns worldwide. NSCLP has a multifactorial etiology with more than 50 genes postulated to play an etiologic role. The genetic pathway comprised of Pbx-Wnt-p63-Irf6 genes was shown to control facial morphogenesis in mice and proposed as a regulatory pathway for NSCLP.

Autofluorescence Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.

Patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) must undergo regular clinical surveillance to ensure that any progression to malignancy is detected promptly. Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) is an optical modality that can assist clinicians in detecting early cancers and high-grade dysplasia. Patients with OPMD undergoing surveillance for the development of oral cancer were examined using AFI at successive clinic visits.

Investigating Potential Correlations between Endodontic Pathology and Cardiovascular Diseases Using Epidemiological and Genetic Approaches.

Introduction: Apical periodontitis (AP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are chronic conditions triggered by an inflammatory process and sharing similar pathogeneses and molecular players. Previous studies have suggested that AP may perpetuate a systemic inflammation state and, in turn, contribute to CVD. In this study, we investigated the potential association between endodontic pathology and CVD using epidemiological and genetic approaches.

Colorectal Cancer-Associated Genes Are Associated with Tooth Agenesis and May Have a Role in Tooth Development.

Previously reported co-occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and tooth agenesis (TA) and the overlap in disease-associated gene variants suggest involvement of similar molecular pathways. Here, we took an unbiased approach and tested genome-wide significant CRC-associated variants for association with isolated TA. Thirty single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in CRC-predisposing genes/loci were genotyped in a discovery dataset composed of 440 individuals with and without isolated TA.

Association of WNT Pathway Genes With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate.

Objective: Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P) is a common craniofacial anomaly with multifactorial etiology. Evidence suggests that variations in WNT pathway genes contribute to an increased susceptibility to NSCL±P. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of AXIN1, APC, CTNNB1, DVL2, and GSK3β gene variants with NSCL±P in a case-control data set from Brazil.

Gloss and Surface Roughness of Anterior Pediatric Zirconia Crowns.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine gloss and surface roughness (Ra) of pediatric anterior zirconia crowns.

Methods: Gloss of labial and lingual surfaces of pediatric anterior zirconia crowns from three manufacturers was measured on 20 specimens using a small area gloss meter on each. Ra (μm) was measured using a contact-type surface profilometer.

Oral candidiasis following steroid therapy for oral lichen planus.

Objectives: The purpose of this multicentre study was to determine the incidence of oral candidiasis in patients treated with topical steroids for oral lichen planus (OLP) and to determine whether the application of a concurrent antifungal therapy prevented the development of an oral candidiasis in these patients.

Materials And Methods: Records of 315 patients with OLP seen at four Oral Medicine practices treated for at least 2 weeks with steroids with and without the use of an antifungal regimen were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The overall incidence of oral fungal infection in those treated with steroid therapy for OLP was 13.

Small intestine inflammation in Roquin-mutant and Roquin-deficient mice.

Roquin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that localizes to cytosolic RNA granules, is involved in regulating mRNA stability and translation. Mice that have a M199R mutation in the Roquin protein (referred to as sanroque or Roquin(san/san) mice) develop autoimmune pathologies, although the extent to which these occur in the intestinal mucosa has not been determined. Here, we demonstrate that Roquin(san/san) mice reproducibly develop intestinal inflammation in the small intestine but not the colon.

A review of the effects of expansion of the nasal base on nasal airflow and resistance.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to inform the reader of the current literature regarding nasal airflow resistance. The anatomy and physiology of nasal airflow resistance will be examined and the known effects of widening of the nasal airway upon airflow will be described.

Materials And Methods: This article is a review of the current literature regarding nasal airflow and resistance and the effects of widening of the nasal base.

Psychiatry in orthodontics. Part 2: Substance abuse among adolescents and its relevance to orthodontic practice.

Substance abuse by adolescents is a serious problem that will touch every orthodontic practice. Recent data show that 40% of tenth graders in the United States will use an illicit drug at some time, and 18% will do so in a 30-day period. These are significant figures that should impact orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Clinical presentations of stress distribution in teeth and the significance in operative dentistry.

Stress distribution in human tooth structure can be visualized through the use of Moiré fringes, which has improved the clinical understanding of recently identified anatomical structures in molar occlusal surfaces. This article discusses the concept of a "peripheral rim of enamel" and describes the manifestation of compressive and tensile fractures within the peripheral rim of enamel and dentin. It also emphasizes the benefits of microdentistry techniques and minimally invasive preparation designs in the long-term preservation of the natural tooth structure.

Conditions peculiar to the tongue.

The tongue is the organ of taste, and it functions in speech, mastication, and the deglutition of food. This muscular organ is affected by many conditions and diseases, including a variety of developmental, traumatic, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic lesions.