Genetic Testing for Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis: What to Do When It Is Not Williams Syndrome.

Background: We aimed to describe the frequency and yield of genetic testing in supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS) following negative evaluation for Williams-Beuren syndrome (WS).

Methods And Results: This retrospective cohort study included patients with SVAS at our institution who had a negative evaluation for WS from May 1991 to September 2021. SVAS was defined as (1) peak supravalvar velocity of ≥2 meters/second, (2) sinotubular junction or ascending aortic score <-2.

Spasticity Treatment Beyond Botulinum Toxins.

Botulinum toxin (BonT) is the mainstream treatment option for post-stroke spasticity. BoNT therapy may not be adequate in those with severe spasticity. There are a number of emerging treatment options for spasticity management.

Advanced Interventional Treatments in Retinoblastoma Management: A Comprehensive Review.

Retinoblastoma is the most common eye malignancy in children that if left untreated can invade intraocular structures, metastasize, and rarely lead to death. Traditionally treated with systemic chemotherapy, Intra-arterial chemotherapy is gaining popularity as it allows for the direct administration of chemotherapy through the ophthalmic artery, thus reducing systemic side effects. Intra-arterial chemotherapy procedures have evolved, with refinements to reduce risks and radiation exposure.

Resuscitation and Care in the Trauma Bay.

Start balanced resuscitation early (pre-hospital if possible), either in the form of whole blood or 1:1:1 ratio. Minimize resuscitation with crystalloid to minimize patient morbidity and mortality. Trauma-induced coagulopathy can be largely avoided with the use of balanced resuscitation, permissive hypotension, and minimized time to hemostasis.

Effect of different palatal expanders with miniscrews in surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: A non-linear finite element analysis.

Introduction: Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) has been the treatment of choice in subjects presenting skeletally mature sutures.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze stress distribution and displacement of the craniofacial and dentoalveolar structures resulting from three types of palatal expanders with surgical assistance using a non-linear finite element analysis.

Material And Methods: Three different palatal expanders were designed: Model-I (tooth-bone-borne type containing four miniscrews), Model-II (tooth-bone-borne type containing two miniscrews), and Model-III (bone-borne type containing four miniscrews).

Pacemaker implantation after concomitant tricuspid valve repair in patients undergoing minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: Results from the Mini-Mitral International Registry.

Objective: Randomized evidence suggests a high risk of pacemaker implantation for patients undergoing mitral valve (MV) surgery with concomitant tricuspid valve repair (cTVR). We investigated the impact of cTVR on outcomes in the Mini-Mitral International Registry.

Methods: From 2015 to 2021, 7513 patients underwent minimally invasive MV with or without cTVR in 17 international centers (MV: n = 5609, cTVR: n = 1113).

Patterns and assessment of spastic hemiplegic gait.

Hemiparetic gait disorders are common in stroke survivors. A circumductory gait is often considered the typical hemiparetic gait. In clinical practice, a wide spectrum of abnormal gait patterns is observed, depending on the severity of weakness and spasticity, and the anatomical distribution of spasticity.

Neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy and lymphadenectomy for penile cancer: an international, multi-institutional, real-world study.

Introduction: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advance penile squamous cell carcinoma for which current evidence is lacking.

Methods: Included patients had locally advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma with clinical lymph node metastasis treated with at least 1 dose of neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to planned consolidative lymphadenectomy. Objective response rates were assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.

Hypertension in Pregnancy Among Immigrant and Swedish Women: A Cohort Study of All Pregnant Women in Sweden.

Background: Little is known about risks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in both first- and second-generation immigrant women in Europe and other Western countries; such knowledge may help elucidate the influence of genetic versus social factors on such risks. We aimed to study both first- and second-generation immigrant women for the presence of all types of hypertension (preexisting hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia) during pregnancy.

Methods And Results: A cohort study was conducted using data derived from the Swedish National Birth Register, the National Patient Register, and the Total Population Register.

Assessing the Readability of Online English and Spanish Language Patient Education Resources Provided by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons, and American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgeons.

Introduction: The National Institutes of Health recommends that patient education materials (PEMs) be written at the sixth grade level. However, PEMs online are still generally difficult to read. The usefulness of online PEMs depends on their comprehensibility.

Missed opportunities for prenatal family-centered care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of COVID-19 on fatherhood experiences during pregnancy.

Methods: A semi-structured interview guide was developed to collect qualitative data from fathers about their experiences in pregnancy and prenatal care, how they communicated with providers, strategies for information seeking, and social support they received during the pregnancy. One-time, virtual interviews were conducted via Zoom with fathers that were either expecting a baby or fathers who had a baby after March 2020 and were 18 years or older.

Pilot Implementation of a Nutrition-Focused Community-Health-Worker Intervention among Formerly Chronically Homeless Adults in Permanent Supportive Housing.

Food insecurity is a known health equity threat for formerly chronically homeless populations even after they transition into permanent housing. This project utilized a human-centered design methodology to plan and implement a nutrition-focused community-health-worker (CHW) intervention in permanent supportive housing (PSH). The project aimed to increase access to healthy foods, improve nutritional literacy, healthy cooking/eating practices, and build community/social connectedness among 140 PSH residents.

Deep Learning Provides Rapid Screen for Breast Cancer Metastasis with Sentinel Lymph Nodes.

Objective: Deep learning has been shown to be useful in detecting breast cancer metastases by analyzing whole slide images (WSI) of sentinel lymph nodes; however, it requires extensive analysis of all the lymph node slides. Our deep learning study attempts to provide a rapid screen for metastasis by analyzing only a small set of image patches to detect changes in tumor environment.

Methods: We designed a convolutional neural network to build a diagnostic model for metastasis detection.

Huntington Study Group's Neuropsychology Working Group: Implementing Non-Motor Diagnostic Criteria.

Background: The clinical diagnosis of manifest Huntington's disease (HD) relies on a high level of clinical confidence (99% confidence) of HD-consistent motor signs. Longitudinal data have reliably identified cognitive and behavioral dysfunction predating clinical motor diagnosis by up to 15 years. Reliance on motor signs to establish a diagnosis of HD increases risk of early misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis.

Mass shootings, firearm injuries, and mental health.

Introduction: The correlation between mass shootings, firearm injuries, and mental health is an ongoing polarized debate within the U.S., making it essential to develop public policy on mental illness and firearm injuries exacerbated by a significant increase in firearm sales in March 2020.

Health-related quality of life and recovery capital among recovery residents taking medication for opioid use disorder in Texas.

Background: Recovery from opioid use disorder (OUD) includes improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and is supported by recovery capital (RC). Little is known about RC and HRQOL among recovery residents taking medication for OUD. We described HRQOL and RC and identified predictors of HRQOL.

Corrigendum: Editorial: Period poverty.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.

Networks extracted from nonlinear fMRI connectivity exhibit unique spatial variation and enhanced sensitivity to differences between individuals with schizophrenia and controls.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies often estimate brain intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) from temporal relationships between hemodynamic signals using approaches such as independent component analysis (ICA). While ICNs are thought to represent functional sources that play important roles in various psychological phenomena, current approaches have been tailored to identify ICNs that mainly reflect linear statistical relationships. However, the elements comprising neural systems often exhibit remarkably complex nonlinear interactions that may be involved in cognitive operations and altered in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia.

The potential for development of clinically relevant microbial resistance to rifaximin-α: a narrative review.

Rifaximin-α is a gut-targeted antibiotic indicated for numerous gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Its multifaceted mechanism of action goes beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including alterations in bacterial virulence, cytoprotective effects on host epithelial cells, improvement of impaired intestinal permeability, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression via activation of the pregnane X receptor. Rifaximin-α is virtually non-absorbed, with low systemic drug levels contributing to its excellent safety profile.