Epigenome-Wide and Methylation Risk Score Analysis of Body Mass Index Among People with HIV.

People with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) often gain weight, which increases their risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The role of DNA methylation (DNAm) markers in obesity among PWH is understudied. This research explores the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and epigenetic patterns to better understand and manage obesity-related risks in PWH.

Orthopaedic Provider Coding Trends After 2021 Changes to the Current Procedural Terminology Evaluation and Management Coding Guidelines: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The goal of this study was to determine changes in orthopaedic coding practices between December 2020 and January 2021 after training providers on the 2021 Current Procedural Terminology Evaluation and Management (E&M) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services guideline changes.

Methods: Outpatient encounters in December 2020, January 2021, December 2021, and January 2023 were grouped by provider and E&M code level. The codes used for established patients were 99211, 99212, 99213, 99214, and 99215, ordered from low to high-complexity visits.

Extending the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort through 2030: Rationale and study protocol.

Early life environmental exposures, even those experienced before conception, can shape health and disease trajectories across the lifespan. Optimizing the detection of the constellation of exposure effects on a broad range of child health outcomes across development requires considerable sample size, transdisciplinary expertise, and developmentally sensitive and dimensional measurement. To address this, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Study is an observational longitudinal pediatric cohort study.

Targeting Oncogenic RET Kinase by Simultaneously Inhibiting Kinase Activity and Degrading the Protein.

The rearranged-during-transfection (RET) kinase is a validated target for the treatment of RET-altered cancers. Currently approved RET-selective kinase inhibitors, selpercatinib (LOXO-292) and pralsetinib (BLU-667), increase the oncogenic RET protein level upon treatment, which may affect their efficacy. We seek to reduce the oncogenic RET protein level and RET kinase activity simultaneously.

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency caused by a deep intronic deletion leading to aberrant splicing.

Trifunctional protein deficiency (TFP) is a disorder of fatty acid beta-oxidation associated with metabolic, cardiac, and liver dysfunction in severe forms. We present two siblings diagnosed by newborn screening and confirmed by biochemical testing at birth. Their clinical course was complicated by recurrent rhabdomyolysis, retinopathy, and hypoparathyroidism.

Defining Midwifery-Led Care in the United States Using Concept Analysis.

National health policy initiatives recommend increased integration of midwifery care in the United States to improve care quality and reduce maternal health disparities. However, the service models through which midwives provide midwifery care and produce quality outcomes are poorly understood. Midwifery-led care is a service model frequently associated with improved outcomes compared with other models.

Urothelial carcinoma in situ with "early papillary formation" vs "lateral spread/shoulder lesion" of prior high-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma: A survey of pathologist and urologist interpretations.

Objectives: Urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) with early papillary formation is terminology sometimes used to suggest incipient high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (PUC) but may lead to confusion between true CIS and lateral flat spread of PUC.

Methods: It remains unclear how pathologists and urologists interpret this scenario, so a survey was circulated to 68 pathologists (group 1 = 28 academic genitourinary pathologists; group 2 = 17 pathologists with a self-reported genitourinary focus; group 3 = 23 pathologists self-reported as not genitourinary specialists) and 32 urologists.

Results: Regarding atypical urothelial lesions that appear mainly flat but contain possible papillae, group 3 was more likely to label this as CIS compared with groups 1 and 2 (35% for group 3 vs 13% for groups 1 and 2), while groups 1 and 2 more often adopted another descriptive diagnosis, such as "CIS with early papillary features" (38% for groups 1 and 2 vs 13% for group 3).

The impact of persistent organic pollutants on fertility: exposure to the environmental toxicant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alters reproductive tract immune responses.

Exposure to environmental contaminants can result in profound effects on the host immune system. One class of environmental toxicants, known as dioxins, are persistent environmental contaminants termed "forever chemicals". The archetype toxicant from this group of chemicals is 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an immunotoxicant that activates the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor pathway leading to a variety of changes in immune cell responses.

Physical Activity Correlates With Skeletal Muscle MRI Findings in Individuals With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Introduction/aims: Skeletal muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a validated noninvasive tool to assess Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) progression. There is interest in finding DMD biomarkers that decrease the burden of clinical trial participation, such as wearable devices. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between activity, via accelerometry, and skeletal muscle MRI, particularly T mapping.

Insulin secretion, sensitivity, and clearance in normoglycemic Black and White adults with parental type 2 diabetes: association with incident dysglycemia.

Introduction: Ethnic disparities in the prevalence and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes are well documented, but prospective data on insulin dynamics vis-à-vis pre-diabetes/early dysglycemia risk in diverse populations are scant.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed insulin secretion, sensitivity, and clearance among participants in the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) study. The POP-ABC study followed initially normoglycemic offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes for 5.

Poststroke hyperglycemia dysregulates cap-dependent translation in neural cells.

Aims: Post stroke hyperglycemia has been shown to deter functional recovery. Earlier findings have indicated the cap-dependent translation regulator 4E-BP1 is detrimentally upregulated in hyperglycemic conditions. The present study aims to test the hypothesis that hyperglycemic ischemic reperfusion injury (I/R) affects normal protein translation poststroke.

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and gastric cancer.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fatty acids, containing more than one double bond and have both anti-inflammatory properties and inhibit tumor progression effects as well as carcinogenic properties. There is inconclusive evidence regarding the effect of PUFA intake on gastric cancer in diverse populations. We, therefore, aimed to determine the association between PUFA intake and risk of gastric cancer in a hospital-based case-control study comprising 1182 incident cases of gastric cancer and 2965 controls in Vietnam.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy in trauma patients with grade IV-V duodenal or pancreatic injuries: a post hoc analysis of an EAST multicenter trial.

Introduction: The utility of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for high-grade traumatic injuries remains unclear and data surrounding its use are limited. We hypothesized that PD does not result in improved outcomes when compared with non-PD surgical management of grade IV-V pancreaticoduodenal injuries.

Methods: This is a retrospective, multicenter analysis from 35 level 1 trauma centers from January 2010 to December 2020.

Design and rationale of the eLym™ System for Decompensation of Excess Lymphatic Fluid via the Thoracic Duct in Acute Heart Failure (DELTA-HF).

Aims: The interstitial space is the major compartment in which the excess fluid is located, forming peripheral congestion in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The lymphatic system is responsible for the constant drainage of the compartment. In ADHF, the inefficiency of this system causes extravascular fluid accumulation, underscoring the crucial role of lymphatic system failure in ADHF's pathophysiology.

Evidence of sex differences in ozone-induced oxysterol and cytokine levels in differentiated human nasal epithelial cells.

Acute exposure to ozone (O) causes upper and lower airway inflammation. We and others have previously demonstrated that O oxidizes lipids, particularly cholesterol, into electrophilic oxysterols, such as secosterol B (SecoB), which can adduct proteins, thus altering cellular signaling pathways. To investigate how O-derived oxysterols influence cytokine and chemokine release, nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from healthy donors (N = 18 donors) were exposed to 0.

Analgesic Effect of Oxytocin in Alcohol-Dependent Male and Female Rats.

Introduction: Chronic alcohol exposure in humans and rodents causes tolerance to the analgesic effects of alcohol, and enhances pain sensitivity during alcohol withdrawal (i.e., hyperalgesia).

The Impact of Postprocedural Anticoagulant Use in Patients Undergoing Woven EndoBridge: A Multicenter Propensity Score-Matched Study.

The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device has become a prominent treatment for wide-neck bifurcation intracranial aneurysms since its FDA approval in 2018. However, the impact of anticoagulant therapy on its efficacy and patient outcomes remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the effects of postoperative anticoagulant use on aneurysm occlusion, retreatment rates, and functional outcomes following WEB device implantation.

Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies AraC-Dauno-Eto (ADE) response modulators that predicts outcome in pediatric AML.

Cytarabine, daunorubicin, and etoposide (ADE) have been the standard backbone of induction chemotherapy regimens for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients for over five decades. However, chemoresistance is still a major concern, and a significant proportion of AML becomes resistant to ADE treatment leading to relapse and poor survival. Therefore, there is a significant need to identify mechanisms mediating drug resistance to overcome chemoresistance.

The shortcomings of science at the point of care delivery: An editors' retrospective.

The editors feel so much gratitude for the opportunity that they had to witness, create, and develop published science. They absolutely loved working with hundreds of authors and seeing the fruition of their work, which they hope will be applied at the Point of Care delivery in practice settings for real-world impact. The editors feel indebted to so many partners in this work (see the Acknowledgments section).

Geocultural differences in pre-schooler sleep profiles and family practices: an analysis of pooled data from 37 countries.

Study Objectives: To examine 1) multidimensional sleep profiles in pre-schoolers (3-6 years) across geocultural regions and 2) differences in sleep characteristics and family practices between Majority World regions (Pacific Islands, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America) and the Minority World (the Western world).

Methods: Participants were 3507 pre-schoolers from 37 countries. Nighttime sleep characteristics and nap duration (accelerometer: n=1950) and family practices (parental questionnaire) were measured.

JUMPlib: Integrative Search Tool Combining Fragment Ion Indexing with Comprehensive TMT Spectral Libraries.

The identification of peptides is a cornerstone of mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Spectral library-based algorithms are well-established methods to enhance the identification efficiency of peptides during database searches in proteomics. However, these algorithms are not specifically tailored for tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics due to the lack of high-quality TMT spectral libraries.