An NIR-triggered drug release and highly efficient photodynamic therapy from PCL/PNIPAm/porphyrin modified graphene oxide nanoparticles with the Janus morphology.

This project aimed to investigate the synthesis and characteristics of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles with different morphologies. In the first step, graphene oxide was synthesized based on the improved Hummers' method. Then, thermo-responsive poly(-isopropylacrylamide--(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide), an amphiphilic copolymer, and poly(caprolactone) (PCL), a hydrophobic polymer, were used to prepare Janus and mixed graphene oxide-based nanoparticles.

Phylogeny and photosynthetic pathway distribution in Anticharis Endl. (Scrophulariaceae).

C(4) photosynthesis independently evolved >62 times, with the majority of origins within 16 dicot families. One origin occurs in the poorly studied genus Anticharis Endl. (Scrophulariaceae), which consists of ~10 species from arid regions of Africa and southwest Asia.