Supporting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Families to Stay Together from the Start (SAFeST Start): Urgent call to action to address crisis in infant removals.

Reducing the rate of over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in out-of-home care (OOHC) is a key Closing the Gap target committed to by all Australian governments. Current strategies are failing. The "gap" is widening, with the rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in OOHC at 30 June 2020 being 11 times that of non-Indigenous children.

Educational Needs of People Living with Atrial Fibrillation: A Qualitative Study.

Background This study explored the educational and self-management needs of adults living with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results This is a qualitative study of adults living with AF, clinicians, and expert key stakeholders. Interviews were conducted via a one-to-one semistructured videoconference or phone and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis.

Improved definition of growing pains: A common familial primary pain disorder of early childhood.

Background: Commonly applied diagnostic criteria for growing pains (GP) have evolved without determination by an authoritative representative body. GP and restless legs syndrome (RLS) share anatomical, distributional, temporal, and other clinical features and are associated in individuals over time, in families, and in population samples. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that GP, diagnosed by widely used criteria, is confounded by cases of painful restless legs syndrome (RLS-Painful).

Understanding the tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a heterogeneous group of tumors. While significant progress has been made using multimodal treatment, the 5-year survival remains at 50%. Developing effective therapies, such as immunotherapy, will likely lead to better treatment of primary and metastatic disease.

SizeExtractR: A workflow for rapid reproducible extraction of object size metrics from scaled images.

Size is a biological characteristic that drives ecological processes from microscopic to geographic spatial scales, influencing cellular energetics, species fitness, population dynamics, and ecological interactions. Methods to measure size from images (e.g.

Sublethal effects of a rapidly spreading native alga on a key herbivore.

Multiple anthropogenic stressors are causing a global decline in foundation species, including macrophytes, often resulting in the expansion of functionally different, more stressor-tolerant macrophytes. Previously subdominant species may experience further positive demographic feedback if they are exposed to weaker plant-herbivore interactions, possibly via decreased palatability or being structurally different from the species they are replacing. However, the consequences of the spread of opportunistic macrophytes for the local distribution and life history of herbivores are unknown.

Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics: detection of neuroinflammation in human central nervous system disease.

The high morbidity and mortality of neuroinflammatory diseases drives significant interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in the innate and adaptive immune response of the central nervous system (CNS). Diagnostic biomarkers are important to define treatable neuroinflammation. Metabolomics is a rapidly evolving research area offering novel insights into metabolic pathways, and elucidation of reliable metabolites as biomarkers for diseases.

High sensitivity and specificity of a 5-analyte protein and microRNA biosignature for identification of active tuberculosis.

Objectives: Non-sputum-based tests to accurately identify active tuberculosis (TB) disease and monitor response to therapy are urgently needed. This study examined the biomarker capacity of a panel of plasma proteins alone, and in conjunction with a previously identified miRNA signature, to identify active TB disease.

Methods: The expression of nine proteins (IP-10, MCP-1, sTNFR1, RANTES, VEGF, IL-6, IL-10, TNF and Eotaxin) was measured in the plasma of 100 control subjects and 100 TB patients, at diagnosis (treatment naïve) and over the course of treatment (1-, 2- and 6-month intervals).

Aryl urea substituted fatty acids: a new class of protonophoric mitochondrial uncoupler that utilises a synthetic anion transporter.

Respiring mitochondria establish a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) that is used to generate ATP. Protein-independent mitochondrial uncouplers collapse the proton gradient and disrupt ATP production by shuttling protons back across the MIM in a protonophoric cycle. Continued cycling relies on the formation of MIM-permeable anionic species that can return to the intermembrane space after deprotonation in the mitochondrial matrix.

Personalized fracture risk assessment: where are we at?

Osteoporotic fracture imposes a significant health care burden globally. Personalized assessment of fracture risk can potentially guide treatment decisions. Over the past decade, a number of risk prediction models, including the Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator (Garvan) and FRAX®, have been developed and implemented in clinical practice.

Ultraefficiently Calming Cytokine Storm Using TiCT MXene.

During the global outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, "cytokine storm" conditions are regarded as the fatal step resulting in most mortality. Hemoperfusion is widely used to remove cytokines from the blood of severely ill patients to prevent uncontrolled inflammation induced by a cytokine storm. This article discoveres, for the first time, that 2D TiCT MXene sheet demonstrates an ultrahigh removal capability for typical cytokine interleukin-6.

The evolving landscape of predictive biomarkers in immuno-oncology with a focus on spatial technologies.

Immunotherapies have shown long-lasting and unparalleled responses for cancer patients compared to conventional therapy. However, they seem to only be effective in a subset of patients. Therefore, it has become evident that a greater understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is required to understand the nuances which may be at play for a favorable outcome to therapy.

Clinical impact of a pharmacist-led medication review with follow up for aged polypharmacy patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Medication review with follow-up (MRF) is a service where community pharmacists undertake a medication review with monthly follow-up to provide continuing care. The ConSIGUE Program assessed the impact and implementation of MRF for aged polypharmacy patients in Spanish Community Pharmacies. The present paper reports on the clinical impact evaluation phase of ConSIGUE.

Nursing education, virtual reality and empathy?

An empathic approach to patient-centred care is a core of nursing practice. One of the methods to develop empathy, which is gaining currency is the use of virtual reality simulations in education. This paper posits some questions, does it simply reinforce a 'type' of patient, neglecting caring for the patient as unique, is empathy what results or is it pity, does it result in a greater distance being created between the patient and the health care provider? Can we ever really know what it is like to walk in a patient's shoes when what we experience through virtual reality provides a small snapshot of the vicissitudes of living with an illness or disability.

A survey of clinical competence of new nurses working in emergency department in Iran: A descriptive, cross-sectional study.

Aims: This article reports on a study investigating the self-assessed clinical competence of new nurses working in emergency departments.

Design: A quantitative approach using descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed.

Methods: The clinical competency of the participants was assessed using the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse questionnaire, which contains the seven dimensions of clinical care, leadership, interpersonal relations, legal/ethical, professional development, teaching/coaching and critical thinking/research aptitude.

Mild cognitive impairment in Aboriginal Australians.

Introduction: Aboriginal Australians have among the highest rates of dementia worldwide, yet no study has investigated the subtypes, risk factors, or longer term outcomes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in this population.

Methods: A total of 336 community-dwelling Aboriginal Australians aged ≥60 years participated in a longitudinal study, completing a structured interview at baseline. MCI (amnestic subtype, aMCI; non-amnestic subtype, naMCI) and dementia were diagnosed via cognitive screening, medical assessment, and clinical consensus.

Latitude and protection affect decadal trends in reef trophic structure over a continental scale.

The relative roles of top-down (consumer-driven) and bottom-up (resource-driven) forcing in exploited marine ecosystems have been much debated. Examples from a variety of marine systems of exploitation-induced, top-down trophic forcing have led to a general view that human-induced predator perturbations can disrupt entire marine food webs, yet other studies that have found no such evidence provide a counterpoint. Though evidence continues to emerge, an unresolved debate exists regarding both the relative roles of top-down versus bottom-up forcing and the capacity of human exploitation to instigate top-down, community-level effects.

Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Australia.

There is evidence that the Australian Government is embracing a more integrated approach to health, with implementation of initiatives like primary health networks (PHNs) and the Government's Health Care Homes program. However, integration of community pharmacy into primary health care faces challenges, including the lack of realistic integration in PHNs, and in service and remuneration models from government. Ideally, coordinated multidisciplinary teams working collaboratively in the community setting are needed, where expanding skills are embraced rather than resisted.

Local thermal adaptation and limited gene flow constrain future climate responses of a marine ecosystem engineer.

Rising ocean temperatures and extreme temperature events have precipitated declines and local extinctions in many marine species globally, but patterns of loss are often uneven across species ranges for reasons that are poorly understood. Knowledge of the extent of local adaptation and gene flow may explain such patterns and help predict future trajectories under scenarios of climate change. We test the extent to which local differentiation in thermal tolerance is influenced by gene flow and local adaptation using a widely distributed intertidal seaweed () from temperate Australia.

Creating online animated videos to reach and engage youth: Lessons learned from pain science education and a call to action.

Engaging youth in evidence-based health education has the capacity to positively impact their experiences of health and illness across the lifespan. In particular, pain science education is now an established part of the treatment arsenal for persistent pain conditions in adults, and there are calls to build educational resources for youth with pain. In this paper, we argue that high-quality online animated videos are a potentially excellent medium to engage youth at a mass level in pain science education.

A hyper-branched polymer tunes the size and enhances the fluorescent properties of aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles.

The host-guest interaction approach, specifically the formation of hydrogen bonds, is an effective strategy for preparing luminescent hyper-branched polymers. The challenge here is how to optimize the binding strength and particle size to tune fluorescence properties. The aim of the current study was to optimize the guest (aggregation-induced emission molecule, AIE)-host (hyper-branched polymer, HBP) interaction in the development of an HBP/AIE complex (AIE-HBP) with tunable luminescence properties the formation of strong hydrogen bonds.

Effectiveness and analysis of factors predictive of discharge to home in a 4-year cohort in a residential transitional care unit.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and identify factors predictive of home discharge in a cohort of patients admitted to the residential Transitional Aged Care Program (r-TACP) after a stay in an acute hospital.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study of patients admitted to a single r-TACP unit between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2017 was carried out. Baseline patient characteristics and discharge outcomes were analyzed.

Enhancing tristetraprolin activity reduces the severity of cigarette smoke-induced experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease that causes significant mortality and morbidity worldwide and is primarily caused by the inhalation of cigarette smoke (CS). Lack of effective treatments for COPD means there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic strategies for the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis. Tristetraprolin (TTP) encoded by the gene is an anti-inflammatory protein that induces mRNA decay, especially of transcripts encoding inflammatory cytokines, including those implicated in COPD.