Arachidonic acid: reconciling the dichotomy of its oxidative cascade through specific deuteration.

A new approach to attenuating pathological inflammatory reactions by buffering the eicosanoid pathways with oxidation-resistant hexadeuterated arachidonic acid (D-ARA) is discussed. Enzymatic processing of ARA, released by phospholipase A2, by lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochromes yields a wide range of bioactive eicosanoids, including pro-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis and pro-thrombosis species that, when produced in excess, are an underlying cause of pathology. Conversely, some products of ARA oxidation possess pro-resolving properties.

A gold nanoparticle-linked glycoconjugate vaccine against Burkholderia mallei.

Unlabelled: Burkholderia mallei are Gram-negative bacteria, responsible for the disease glanders. B. mallei has recently been classified as a Tier 1 agent owing to the fact that this bacterial species can be weaponised for aerosol release, has a high mortality rate and demonstrates multi-drug resistance.

Cardiovascular risk factors promote brain hypoperfusion leading to cognitive decline and dementia.

Heart disease is the major leading cause of death and disability in the world. Mainly affecting the elderly population, heart disease and its main outcome, cardiovascular disease, have become an important risk factor in the development of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This paper examines the evidence linking chronic brain hypoperfusion induced by a variety of cardiovascular deficits in the development of cognitive impairment preceding AD.