Using trauma-informed approaches: research with climate disaster affected communities.

Climate disasters like floods and bushfires have increased in frequency and intensity in Australia. For many, these disasters are associated with trauma. In order to further our understanding of the impacts of these disasters on individuals and communities, we need to conduct research, but the research design and implementation need to be sensitive to that trauma and support the safety of both participants and researchers.

An updated review on therapeutic strategies in coronary microvascular dysfunction.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is well-known cause of angina, yet treatment options remain limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the current literature and provides a contemporary evaluation of treatments using a stringent definition for CMD with accurate methods of microvascular assessment in accordance with recent consensus guidelines. Methods and Results: A search strategy was conducted independently by two authors (CK and RR).

Artificial intelligence in stroke rehabilitation: From acute care to long-term recovery.

Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide, driving the need for advanced rehabilitation strategies. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into stroke rehabilitation presents significant advancements across the continuum of care, from acute diagnosis to long-term recovery. This review explores AI's role in stroke rehabilitation, highlighting its impact on early diagnosis, motor recovery, and cognitive rehabilitation.

Comparative effect of nonpharmacological interventions on emergence delirium prevention in children following sevoflurane general anesthesia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Children receiving general anesthesia while undergoing surgery have a significantly high incidence of emergence delirium (ED). Nonpharmacological interventions yield beneficial effects on preventing pediatric ED. However, the relative effects of nonpharmacological interventions on pediatric ED prevention based on various perioperative phases remain unknown.

Effectiveness of digital contact tracing interventions for COVID-19: A systematic scoping review.

Objectives: Digital contact tracing (DCT) interventions have been deployed at unprecedented scale during COVID-19. However, no comprehensive appraisal of the evidence exists to date regarding their effectiveness. We aimed to systematically review the global literature for a holistic understanding of DCT effectiveness during COVID-19, and to identify factors that enabled or hindered its effectiveness.

A mixed methods evaluation of an alcohol and other drug psychoeducation program for clients with complex support needs.

Background: Clients with co-occurring and complex needs represent an important segment of the alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment population. Retaining and engaging individuals in AOD treatment is challenging, and this pursuit is further impeded when clients present with complex support needs. This study sought to establish the feasibility and acceptability of a newly developed psychoeducation program for this clientele, attending a non-residential treatment service in New South Wales.

Cognitive profiles in primary progressive aphasia variants: A cross-cultural Australian and Spanish investigation.

Background: The effect of cultural differences in neurodegenerative diseases is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the cognitive profiles of English- and Spanish-speaking individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 461 participants: 215 participants from Australia and 246 from Spain.

Accounting for unmet needs resulting from cancer-related cognitive impairment.

Purpose: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) causes a wide range of unmet needs for cancer survivors. It is unknown which clinical, demographic, cognitive, and psychological factors underpin and account for these various unmet needs. This study aimed to (a) identify factors associated with CRCI-related unmet needs, and (b) establish the most pertinent factors that account for CRCI-related unmet needs.

Effect of Concurrent Exercise Training on Stress, Depression and Anxiety in Inactive Academics: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of concurrent training (CT) on the mental health of inactive academics and examined associations between changes in stress (effort-reward imbalance and general stress), depressive symptoms and systemic inflammation. Fifty-nine inactive academics were randomly assigned to a CT ( = 29) or control (non-exercise) group ( = 30). CT performed supervised group training at an onsite facility 3 times per week for 14-weeks.

Sensing the Future of Thrombosis Management: Integrating Vessel-on-a-Chip Models, Advanced Biosensors, and AI-Driven Digital Twins.

Thrombotic events, such as strokes and deep vein thrombosis, remain a significant global health burden, with traditional diagnostic methods often failing to capture the complex, patient-specific nuances of thrombosis risk. This Perspective explores the revolutionary potential of microengineered vessel-on-chip platforms in thrombosis research and personalized medicine. We discuss the evolution from basic microfluidic channels to advanced 3D-printed, patient-specific models that accurately replicate complex vascular geometries, incorporating all elements of Virchow's triad.

BioArchLinux: community-driven fresh reproducible software repository for life sciences.

Motivation: The BioArchLinux project was initiated to address challenges in bioinformatics software reproducibility and freshness. Relying on Arch Linux's user-driven ecosystem, we aim to create a comprehensive and continuously updated repository for life sciences research.

Results: BioArchLinux provides a PKGBUILD-based system for seamless software packaging and maintenance, enabling users to access the latest bioinformatics tools across multiple programming languages.

FEN1-assisted LAMP for specific and multiplex detection of pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia.

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRITs), including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), are the fifth leading cause of death worldwide over the last ten years, posing a serious threat to global healthcare. Conventional laboratory assays for detecting pathogens are hindered by complicated procedures, a long turnaround time and a lack of multiplex detection capabilities. In this study, a flap-endonuclease 1 (FEN1)-assisted loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was designed, and an assay based on this method was developed to identify three leading pathogens for CAP, namely, , and .

Retrospective Cohort Study to Determine the Effect of Socioeconomic Status and Distance to Hospital on Negative Appendicectomy Rates in a Rural Setting.

Background: The impact of socioeconomic status and distance to hospital on negative appendicectomy rates is unknown. These factors have been shown to be important predictors of health in a rural setting.

Objective: To determine whether socioeconomic status and road distance to hospital were risk factors for negative appendicectomy.

Virulence and biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes against soil-dwelling stages of the small hive beetle under laboratory and semi-field conditions.

Background: The small hive beetle (SHB; Aethina tumida) is a significant pest affecting honey bees and the global beekeeping industry. The harmful effects of chemical pesticides on bee health, non-target species and ecosystems highlight the need for sustainable SHB control methods. Soil applications of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) targeting the soil-dwelling life stages (wandering larvae, pupae and emerging adults) of SHB present a promising biological control approach.

Comparison of Combined Motor Control Training and Isolated Extensor Strengthening Versus General Exercise on Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Health and Associations With Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study DesignProspective Randomized Controlled Trial.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of combined motor control and isolated lumbar strengthening exercise (MC + ILEX) vs general exercise (GE) on upper lumbar paraspinal muscle volume and composition, strength and patient outcomes in individuals with chronic low back pain (LBP).Methods50 participants with nonspecific chronic LBP were randomly allocated (1:1) to each group (MC + ILEX or GE) and underwent a 12-week supervised intervention program 2 times per week.

Harnessing Lithiophilic Hetero-Interfacial Chemistry for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries with Low Negative/Positive Capacity Ratios.

Lithium (Li) metal batteries hold great promise for next-generation energy storage due to their high energy density. However, their application is hindered by uncontrollable Li plating/stripping, leading to limited cycle life, especially under practical conditions with a low negative/positive (N/P) capacity ratio. Here, it is demonstrated that stable cycling of low N/P ratio Li metal batteries can be realized by harnessing hetero-interfacial redox chemistry to regulate Li nucleation and deposition behavior.

Definitions, Diagnosis and Management of Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease Patients with Permanent Ileostomy - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Over 10% of patients with Crohn's disease require permanent ileostomy. We aimed to summarize the existing data on diagnosis, definitions of recurrence, and management of Crohn's disease patients with permanent ileostomy.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to February 6, 2024.

Applying first & second harmonic spectral phasor analysis on a single-wavelength calcium fluorophore.

Ratiometric and single-wavelength fluorophores are limited in their ability to provide basal level activity prior to treatment. This study presents a novel approach to characterise cell-wide basal activity of calcium using first and second harmonic spectral phasor analysis. Cells stained with the single-wavelength calcium fluorophore Oregon Green™ BAPTA 1-AM exhibited significant differences in wavelength or width in the nucleus, cytoplasm and membrane under basal conditions.

Outcomes of Fontan operation in patients with conotruncal anomalies from Australia and New Zealand Fontan Registry: a review of 1835 patients.

Objectives: The impact of conotruncal anomalies (CTAs), including tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, ventriculo-arterial discordance, double outlet right ventricle (DORV), and interrupted aortic arch type B, on long-term outcomes remains poorly described in the Fontan cohort. We sought to review the outcomes of Fontan patients with conotruncal anomalies in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods: We reviewed the data from 1835 patients who underwent a Fontan operation between 1975 and 2023 from the Australia and New Zealand Fontan Registry.

Identifying Factors Associated With Breastfeeding Length Among Filipino Migrant Women in South Korea.

Background: Migrant women becoming mothers often face social, economic, and family challenges that can affect their dietary and breastfeeding practices. This study identified factors associated with breastfeeding length in migrant women.

Methods: The study sample involved 504 migrant women from the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL) in 2014-2016.