A Longitudinal Study of Reading and Mental Health Development in Children With Reported Ear and Hearing Difficulties.

Purpose: Reported ear and hearing difficulties (rEHD) are known to be associated with reading difficulties as well as mental health problems. In this study, we aim to examine the relationship between reading and mental health in children with rEHD.

Method: In this study, we used structural equation modeling to measure the strength of longitudinal relationships between reading and mental health-related variables in children with rEHD-aged 5-11 years-in four large longitudinal databases from the United Kingdom ( = 5,254), the United States (s = 1,541 and 6,401), and Australia ( = 2,272).

Patient Perspectives on Conversational Artificial Intelligence for Atrial Fibrillation Self-Management: Qualitative Analysis.

Background: Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) allows for engaging interactions, however, its acceptability, barriers, and enablers to support patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are unknown.

Objective: This work stems from the Coordinating Health care with AI-supported Technology for patients with AF (CHAT-AF) trial and aims to explore patient perspectives on receiving support from a conversational AI support program.

Methods: Patients with AF recruited for a randomized controlled trial who received the intervention were approached for semistructured interviews using purposive sampling.

Worldwide Innovative Network (WIN) Consortium in Personalized Cancer Medicine: Bringing next-generation precision oncology to patients.

The human genome project ushered in a genomic medicine era that was largely unimaginable three decades ago. Discoveries of druggable cancer drivers enabled biomarker-driven gene- and immune-targeted therapy and transformed cancer treatment. Minimizing treatment not expected to benefit, and toxicity-including financial and time-are important goals of modern oncology.

Atrial fibrillation burden in clinical practice, research, and technology development: a clinical consensus statement of the European Society of Cardiology Council on Stroke and the European Heart Rhythm Association.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac diseases and a complicating comorbidity for multiple associated diseases. Many clinical decisions regarding AF are currently based on the binary recognition of AF being present or absent with the categorical appraisal of AF as continued or intermittent. Assessment of AF in clinical trials is largely limited to the time to (first) detection of an AF episode.

Targeting the NPY/NPY1R signaling axis in mutant p53-dependent pancreatic cancer impairs metastasis.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly metastatic malignancy. More than 80% of patients with PC present with advanced-stage disease, preventing potentially curative surgery. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system, best known for its role in controlling energy homeostasis, has also been shown to promote tumorigenesis in a range of cancer types, but its role in PC has yet to be explored.

Policy decisions matter: Cessation of logging benefits 34 threatened species in Victoria, Australia.

In January 2024, the Australian state of Victoria committed to ending native forest logging six years ahead of schedule, a decision that has been advocated for by scientists and conservationists for decades. However, the direct benefits for threatened species from this policy change has not been quantified. This study assesses the spatial overlap between areas approved for logging and the habitats of nationally listed threatened species, to estimate the potential impacts of continued logging and the likely benefits of its cessation.

Understanding the expectations, positions and ambitions of LMICs during pandemic treaty negotiations, and the factors contributing to them.

Global South countries account for two-thirds of WHO Member States and are a crucial voice in negotiating the 'pandemic treaty', which Member States agreed was necessary if the world was to avoid a repeat of the significant inequity that resulted during COVID-19. The negotiation of a pandemic treaty presents an opportunity to recalibrate global health systems and processes for pandemic prevention, preparedness and response. However, for this to eventuate through global solidarity, as many Global South countries have said they expect, then concessions by developed states on issues that they have long protected must occur.

We are not doing enough: Truth-telling and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history in Australian Public Health.

Most public health practitioners and researchers in Australia acknowledge the poorer health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders peoples relative to non-Indigenous Australians; some work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities; however, few acknowledge the role that public health itself has played in the plight of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders peoples throughout Australia's colonial history. In this essay, we - Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, and non-Indigenous scholars at the Sydney School of Public Health (SSPH) - argue that truth-telling, which is critical for reconciliation, can only truly begin in Australian public health circles when we listen to the stories and truths of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as it relates to the colonial history of public health in Australia. Herein we give a brief outline of that history and provide some recommendations on ways forward; we also describe the successes and failures at SSPH in hopes that our story can help the broader Australian public health community on their truth-telling journeys.

Nurses, Chaplains, Clergy and Measurement Scales.

Much of the research in this issue relates to the long-standing profession of nursing and, secondly, the even longer established professions of chaplaincy and the clergy. This issue also provides evidence of the ever-increasing number of religious and spirituality measurement scales, as well as various other forms of religious and/or spiritual evaluations and the associated psychometric properties. Several articles researching religiosity/spirituality, however, identify common research limitations, in particular the error of using contaminated scales and the need to avoid tautological and uninterpretable results.

Could adaptive deep brain stimulation treat freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease?

Next-generation neurostimulators capable of running closed-loop adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) are about to enter the clinical landscape for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Already promising results using aDBS have been achieved for symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity and motor fluctuations. However, the heterogeneity of freezing of gait (FoG) with its wide range of clinical presentations and its exacerbation with cognitive and emotional load make it more difficult to predict and treat.

Fan therapy for breathlessness - how do you do it and why?

Purpose Of The Review: This review summarises high-level evidence for fan therapy and adds a commentary on the relatively-neglected question of how to optimise benefits based on qualitative evidence, clinical experience and broader research and theory.

Recent Findings: Recent high-level evidence suggests the fan reduces time to recovery from episodic breathlessness rather than reduces daily levels over a longer period. Lower grade evidence suggests the fan can also help people increase their physical activity.

Estimated Cancer Risk in Females Who Meet the Criteria to Exit Cervical Cancer Screening.

Importance: Cervical screening guidelines in the US recommend that most females can exit routine screening at age 65 years following 2 recent consecutive negative cotest results (concurrent human papillomavirus and cytology tests). However, empirical data on the subsequent risks of cancer and cancer death in this subgroup of females are limited.

Objective: To estimate the risks of cervical cancer and cervical cancer death among females who meet the cotesting criteria to exit screening.

Iridium Nanocrystals Enriched with Defects and Atomic Steps to Enhance Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance.

The presence of defects can significantly improve catalytic activity and stability, as they influence the binding of the reactants, intermediates, and products to the catalyst. Controlling defects in the structures of nanocrystal catalysts is synthetically challenging. In this study, we demonstrate the ability to control the growth of Ir nanocrystals, enabling the tuning of both structural and surface defects.

Advancing dental education with technology: The integration of smartphone applications in endodontics-A narrative review.

Background: Smartphone applications are increasingly used in medical and dental education, offering flexible and interactive learning opportunities. In medicine, these tools enhance knowledge retention, clinical decision-making, and patient care.

Objective: This review aims to evaluate the role of smartphone applications in endodontic education, assessing their quality, functionality, perceived impact, usability, and impact on learning outcomes.

Protothecosis in Dogs: A Narrative Review.

Protothecosis is a rare and unusual disease that affects both humans and animals, including dogs. The causative agents are unicellular, achlorophyllous, "yeast-like" microalgae of the genus Prototheca (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). Although usually saprophytic, Prototheca may, under conditions of immunologic compromise, become pathogenic and even lethal to the host.

Preserving the Biologically Coherent Generic Concept of , 'Plant Destroyer'.

is a long-established, well known and globally important genus of plant pathogens. Phylogenetic evidence has shown that the biologically distinct, obligate biotrophic downy mildews evolved from at least twice. Since, cladistically, this renders 'paraphyletic', it has been proposed that evolutionary clades be split into multiple genera (Runge et al.

Effect of Carcass Feeds on Feeding Behavior and Social Interactions in Zoo-Based African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus).

Management of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in zoos involves several challenges, including the difficulty of providing appropriate stimulation and enrichment for naturally wide-ranging, energetic, cursorial hunters. Perhaps consequently, zoo packs can exhibit bouts of extreme intra-pack aggression rarely seen in the wild. As with other species, considerable efforts are required to balance the retention and exhibition of wild-type behaviors, against ensuring that the nutritional and welfare needs of individual group-living animals are met.

Germline analysis of an international cohort of pediatric diffuse midline glioma patients.

Background: Factors that drive the development of diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are unknown. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in pediatric patients with DMG.

Methods: We assembled an international cohort of 252 pediatric patients with DMG, including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (n=153), with germline whole genome or whole exome sequencing.

The impact of anthropogenic activities on antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance in aquatic environments.

Unlabelled: This study investigated the prevalence and co-occurrence of antimicrobial (AMR) and metal resistance (MR) in aquatic environments with different human impacts. Metagenomes from pristine, rural and urban sites in Australia were analyzed with AMR ++ and customized binning pipelines. AMR was present in all environments, while MR was mainly in rural and urban samples.

Sexual Violence and Assault in Rural Australia: A Scoping Review of Regional, Rural, and Remote Contexts.

Sexual violence (SV) is an insidious social phenomenon that results in physical, emotional, and psychological trauma. The aim of this article is to review the research pertaining to SV in regional, rural, and remote Australia. A systematic scoping review was undertaken using the Arksey and O'Malley five-step framework.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy with anterior hemifundoplication: a pilot study.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a significant problem after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG). This study aimed to assess the long-term effect of SG with an anterior fundoplication on GORD symptoms.

Methods: A single-centre cohort study of all patients who underwent SG with anterior hemifundoplication (SGAF), with a 2:1 SG only comparison group.

Tryptophan Metabolic Enzyme IL4I1 Inhibits Ferroptosis by Decreasing Ubiquitination of Nrf2 via I3P in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest brain tumour with an extremely poor prognosis. Tryptophan catabolism could enhance an array of protumour-genic signals and promoted tumour progression in GBM. However, the mechanisms of oncogenic signalling under tryptophan catabolism and potential therapy targeting this pathway have not been completely understood.