The impact of universal mental health screening on stigma in primary schools.

Background: Primary school students struggling with mental health are less likely than high school students to access mental health care, due to barriers such as mental health stigma and low mental health literacy among children and parents. The near universal reach of schools offers a potential avenue to increase access to mental health care through early identification. The potential risks of this approach also need to be understood.

The psychometric properties of the child anxiety and depression life interference scale (CADLIS).

Objective: Life interference is a key diagnostic feature for anxiety and depressive disorders. Measures focusing on life interference caused by anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents have received minimal attention. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Child Anxiety and Depression Life Interference Scale (CADLIS), a brief child (CADLIS-C) and parent-report (CADLIS-P) measure designed to assess life interference from anxiety and depressive disorders in both the child and parent's life.

The impact of digital literacy in enhancing individuals' health in China.

Background: Health is the cornerstone of individual well-being and a vital factor in socioeconomic development. In an increasingly digitalized world, digital literacy has emerged as one of the indispensable abilities, which not only pertains to an individual's capacity to acquire, analyze, evaluate, and utilize information but also profoundly influences their health behaviours, health decisions, and overall well-being. This paper uses the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data to explore digital literacy's impact on individuals' health.

Solving unknown primary cancer with earlier diagnosis - the SUPER-ED trial: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial to support earlier diagnosis for people presenting with malignancy of undefined primary origin.

Background: People with malignancy of undefined primary origin (MUO) have a poor prognosis and may undergo a protracted diagnostic workup causing patient distress and high cancer related costs. Not having a primary diagnosis limits timely site-specific treatment and access to precision medicine. There is a need to improve the diagnostic process, and healthcare delivery and support for these patients.

Exploring the relationship between glycemic variability and muscle dysfunction in adults with diabetes: A systematic review.

This review is to systematically explore the relationship between muscle dysfunction and diabetes in adults, and to examine the impact of glycemic variability on muscle health and the development of diabetes-related complications. The review was conducted using three databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE, targeting peer-reviewed journal articles written in English and published from January 2014 to September 2024. The methodological quality assessment of the eligible studies was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists.

Superior Outcomes with Ultrasound-Guided Hyaluronidase for Impending Filler-Induced Facial Skin Necrosis: A Systematic Review and Pilot Meta-Analysis.

Background: Hyaluronidase remains the mainstay treatment for impending filler-induced facial skin necrosis. Complete resolution of impending skin necrosis following hyaluronidase injection is estimated to be around 77.8%.

Global meta-analysis shows action is needed to halt genetic diversity loss.

Mitigating loss of genetic diversity is a major global biodiversity challenge. To meet recent international commitments to maintain genetic diversity within species, we need to understand relationships between threats, conservation management and genetic diversity change. Here we conduct a global analysis of genetic diversity change via meta-analysis of all available temporal measures of genetic diversity from more than three decades of research.

Longer term psychological trauma following the COVID-19 pandemic for children and families.

The psychological trauma following COVID-19 has been lengthy and fraught for some children and their families. The specific problems encountered by children rendered helpless and hopeless by watching others suffer, vicarious traumatisation, is explained in brief as it represents a central motif in clinical work in psychology. This paper will focus on what is known of the nature of psychological trauma in children and families with a focus on the individual clinical manifestations of personal significance.

How does the first index mode of birth in public or private hospitals predict subsequent births? A 16-year Australian population-based linked data study.

Objectives: In this descriptive study, we aimed to assess how the index mode of birth and subsequent birth modes vary over time for public and private hospital maternity care funding models. The second aim was to determine to what extent the index mode of birth predicts subsequent birth modes in general and whether this differs in public versus private hospital maternity care funding models. With our aim, we have an innovative approach, specifically the women's life course approach, which is hypothesis-generating and can be assessed in future studies.

Starfield's 4Cs of NCD management in primary healthcare: a conceptual framework development from a case study of 19 countries.

Introduction: Faced with a backdrop of an increasing chronic disease burden from an ageing global population compounded with rising healthcare costs, health systems are required to implement cost-effective, safe and equitable care through efficient service delivery models. One approach to achieving this is through Starfield's 4Cs of primary healthcare (PHC), which delineates the key attributes of a high-performing PHC system that upholds the pillars of care coordination, first contact of care, continuity of care and comprehensive care. Therefore, this study aims to explore and elucidate the key themes and subthemes related to and extending beyond Starfield's 4Cs of PHC by integrating findings from a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative study.

Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report.

Background: The 2006 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN) anaphylaxis criteria are widely used in clinical care and research. In 2020, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) published modified criteria that have not been uniformly adopted. Different criteria contribute to inconsistent care and research outcomes.

Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 on 64 notifiable infectious diseases in Australia: A Bayesian Structural Time Series model.

Background: Several studies have examined the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in Australia and globally. However, to our knowledge none have sufficiently explored their impact on other infectious diseases with robust time series model. In this study, we aimed to use Bayesian Structural Time Series model (BSTS) to systematically assess the impact of NPIs on 64 National Notifiable Infectious Diseases (NNIDs) by conducting a comprehensive and comparative analysis across eight disease categories within each Australian state and territory, as well as nationally.

What happens after menopause? (WHAM): A prospective controlled study of cognition 24 months after premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy.

Objective: Women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants considering risk-reducing bilateral oophorectomy (RRSO) may be concerned about potential effects of surgical menopause on cognition. Whether RRSO affects cognition and whether hormone therapy (HT) modifies this effect remains uncertain. This study aimed to prospectively measure the effect of premenopausal RRSO on cognition and the modifying effects of HT up to 24 months.

Non-clinical Psychosocial Mental Health Support Programmes for People with Diverse Language and Cultural Backgrounds: A Critical Rapid Review.

Low accessibility to mainstream psychosocial services disadvantages culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations, resulting in delayed care and high rates of unsupported psychological distress. Non-clinical interventions may play an important role in improving accessibility to psychosocial support, but what characterises best practice in this space remains unclear. This critical rapid review addressed this gap by searching for, and critically analysing, existing research on non-clinical psychosocial support services, drawing from a critical realist framework and Brossard and Chandler's (Brossard and Chandler, Explaining mental illness: Sociological perspectives, Bristol University Press, 2022) taxonomy of positions on culture and mental health.

Alien toxic toads suppress individual growth and phenotypic development of native predatory salamanders.

Alien species can influence populations of native species through individual-level effects such as predation, competition, and poisoning. For alien species that possess strong defensive chemicals, poisoning is one of the most powerful mechanisms of individual-level effects on native biota. Although toxic alien species could potentially negatively affect survival (lethal effects) or life history traits (sub-lethal effects) of native predators via poisoning, previous studies have mainly focused on acute lethal effects.

Expanding the human gut microbiome atlas of Africa.

Population studies provide insights into the interplay between the gut microbiome and geographical, lifestyle, genetic and environmental factors. However, low- and middle-income countries, in which approximately 84% of the world's population lives, are not equitably represented in large-scale gut microbiome research. Here we present the AWI-Gen 2 Microbiome Project, a cross-sectional gut microbiome study sampling 1,801 women from Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya and South Africa.

Functional attributes of the anterior mesendoderm in patterning the anterior neural structures during head formation in the mouse.

Induction of the neural ectoderm and the patterning of embryonic brain are the requisite organizing activity for head formation. Studies of loss-of-function mouse mutants that displayed a head truncation phenotype pointed to a key functional role of the anterior mesendoderm in anterior neural patterning. In this overview, we highlight the learning of the molecular attributes underpinning the formation of the anterior mesendoderm, the acquisition of ectoderm competence in the epiblast and the patterning of the embryonic brain during gastrulation and neurulation.

Human-inspired strategies for controlling swarm systems.

The control of swarms has emerged as a paradigmatic example of human-autonomy teaming. This review focuses on understanding human coordination behaviours, while controlling evasive autonomous agents, to inform the design of human-compatible teammates. We summarize the solutions employed by human dyads, as well as the verbal communication and division of labour strategies observed in four-person teams using virtual simulations.

Writing for publication: The basics.

Problem: Writing for publication can be a challenging experience. Whilst midwives develop writing skills through their university education, writing a journal article can be quite different.

Purpose: To explain some basic skills of scientific writing when preparing a paper for publication to support midwives in engaging in scientific writing.

Asphalt pavement emission behavior under solar radiation during in-service period.

The toxic fume emitted from asphalt pavement remains a health and environmental hazard towards public safety, especially the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Despite extensive studies focused on characterizing asphalt fumes generated during construction stages (i.e.

First-Line Mobocertinib Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase III EXCLAIM-2 Trial.

Purpose: Mobocertinib is an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This open-label, phase III trial (EXCLAIM-2: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04129502) compared mobocertinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment of ex20ins+ advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

The Effectiveness of Online Mindfulness Training for Psychologists - A Brief Report.

Objective: Mindfulness training (MT) in healthcare training has been associated with improvement in mental wellbeing and clinical skills such as empathy. Despite this, it is often challenging for professional psychology programs to include MT in the curriculum due to competing coursework demands and staffing requirements. The current study aimed to determine whether changes in mindfulness, self-compassion and tolerance of uncertainty were equivalent for those completing MT face-to-face on campus or online.

Effect of iron fortification and prebiotics on iron biomarkers in anemic rats.

One of the biggest public health problems globally is that of iron deficiency anemia. The present research aimed to determine the effect of prebiotics along with iron fortification on iron biomarkers in female anemic rats as some evidence suggests that prebiotics convert increase the solubility of iron, thereby enhancing its absorption. A total of 126 Sprague Dawley rats were fed with sixteen different types of fortified feed containing prebiotics (Inulin + Galacto Oligosaccharides) and Iron Fortificants (Sodium Ferric Ethylenediaminetetraacetate + Ferrous Sulphate).

Islet Autoantibody Screening Throughout Australia Using In-Home Blood Spot Sampling: 2-Year Outcomes of Type1Screen.

Objective: Type1Screen offers islet autoantibody testing to Australians with a family history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) with the dual aims of preventing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and enabling use of disease-modifying therapy. We describe screening and monitoring outcomes 2 years after implementing in-home capillary blood spot sampling.

Research Design And Methods: Data from 2,064 participants who registered between July 2022 and June 2024 were analyzed: 1,507 and 557 chose blood spot and venipuncture screening respectively.