Zinc Maintenance Therapy for Wilson Disease: A Comparison Between Zinc Acetate and Alternative Zinc Preparations.

We evaluate Wilson disease (WD) treatment with zinc acetate (U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved) and alternative zinc salts.

Realistic Worst Case for a Severe Space Weather Event Driven by a Fast Solar Wind Stream.

Satellite charging is one of the most important risks for satellites on orbit. Satellite charging can lead to an electrostatic discharge resulting in component damage, phantom commands, and loss of service and in exceptional cases total satellite loss. Here we construct a realistic worst case for a fast solar wind stream event lasting 5 days or more and use a physical model to calculate the maximum electron flux greater than 2 MeV for geostationary orbit.

Low-level laser therapy enhances the number of osteocytes in calvaria bone defects of ovariectomized rats.

Background: Osteoporosis can make bone repair difficult. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to be a promising tool for bone neoformation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of LLLT on calvaria bone defects of ovariectomized rats using stereology.

A practical tool for assessing ecosystem services enhancement and degradation associated with invasive alien species.

Current approaches for assessing the effects of invasive alien species (IAS) are biased toward the negative effects of these species, resulting in an incomplete picture of their real effects. This can result in an inefficient IAS management. We address this issue by describing the INvasive Species Effects Assessment Tool (INSEAT) that enables expert elicitation for rapidly assessing the ecological consequences of IAS using the ecosystem services (ES) framework.

Physicochemical characterisation of reduced graphene oxide for conductive thin films.

Graphene is a desirable material for next generation technology. However, producing high yields of single-layer flakes with industrially applicable methods is currently limited. We introduce a combined process for the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and thermal annealing at temperatures of <150 °C for times of <10 minutes, resulting in electrically conducting thin films with sheet resistances reducing by 8 orders of magnitude to as low as ∼1.

'Phoenix polymers': fire induced nanohardness in fibril-forming aromatic cyanate esters.

For the first time we present nanoindentation analysis of charred, cured aromatic cyanate esters, which exhibit outstanding mechanical properties when analysed under applied loads of 0.1-300 mN. Following charring (900 °C for 10 minutes to achieve graphitised structures), the samples display a remarkable combination of a modulus of elasticity of around 25 GPa and nanohardness of 300 kgf mm, making them some 30-40% stiffer than bone and practically as hard as tooth enamel.

Barriers and facilitators to the provision of preconception care by healthcare providers: A systematic review.

Background: Healthcare providers play an important role in providing preconception care to women and men of childbearing age. Yet, the provision of preconception care by healthcare providers remains low.

Objectives: To provide an overview of barriers and facilitators at multiple levels that influence the provision of preconception care by healthcare providers.

A 3D bioinspired highly porous polymeric scaffolding system for simulation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive disease with an extremely low survival rate. This is due to the (i) poor prognosis and (ii) high resistance of the disease to current treatment options. The latter is partly due to the very complex and dense tissue/tumour microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, which contributes to the disease's progression and the inhibition of apoptotic pathways.

Estimation of Quality-adjusted Life Years alongside clinical trials: the impact of 'time-effects' on trial results.

Objectives: The objectives were to investigate the impact of 'time-effect' on the estimation of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) along prospective clinical trials' outcomes using an assumed fixed time duration versus the actual time durations for each case. The 'time' duration is the length of time in a health state.

Methods: Two methods were used in the estimation of QALYs based using EQ-5D 3L scores collected at specific time-point intervals.

The Big Breakfast Study: Chrono-nutrition influence on energy expenditure and bodyweight.

A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of the biological clock as a modulator of energy balance and metabolism. Recent studies in humans have shown that ingested calories are apparently utilised more efficiently in the morning than in the evening and this is manifest through improved weight loss, even under iso-energetic calorie intake. The mechanisms behind this enhanced morning energy metabolism are not yet clear, although it may result from behavioural adaptations or circadian driven variations in physiology and energy metabolism.

Examining conscientiousness as a key resource in resisting email interruptions: Implications for volatile resources and goal achievement.

Unlabelled: Within the context of the conservation of resources model, when a resource is deployed, it is depleted - albeit temporarily. However, when a 'key', stable resource, such as Conscientiousness, is activated (e.g.

Enhanced sleep reverses memory deficits and underlying pathology in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease.

To test the hypothesis that sleep can reverse cognitive impairment during Alzheimer's disease, we enhanced sleep in flies either co-expressing human amyloid precursor protein and Beta-secretase (APP:BACE), or in flies expressing human tau. The ubiquitous expression of APP:BACE or human tau disrupted sleep. The sleep deficits could be reversed and sleep could be enhanced when flies were administered the GABA-A agonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol (THIP).

Are person-related and socio-structural factors associated with nurses' self-management support behavior? A correlational study.

Objective: To explore nurses' self-perceived behavior of supporting patients' self-management, and its association with person-related and socio-structural factors.

Methods: Correlational study in a sample of nurses from nine general hospitals, three community healthcare organizations, and six private community practices. Nurses with >50% of their patients living with a chronic condition were eligible to participate.

Self-management support by final year nursing students: A correlational study of performance and person-related associated factors.

Background: Chronic conditions put a heavy burden on healthcare in every country. Supporting persons with a chronic illness to take an active role in the management of their condition is a core component in the Chronic Care Model. It implies confidence and good skills from professionals.

Proximate and biochemical characterization of burrito () and flying gurnard ().

With limited protein resources and depleting commercial fish species there is the need to improve utilization of some of the lesser known species which are underutilized, for example, big eye grunt (burrito), and the flying gurnard (), (other names Cephalocanthus volitans (local) ). This study was to characterize some of the proximate and biochemical properties of burrito and the flying gurnard so as to evaluate their potential for use in human nutrition and other value-added products. Proximate and chemical analysis were determined by the methods of AOAC.

Solubility of Calcium Phosphate in Concentrated Dairy Effluent Brines.

The solubility of calcium phosphate in concentrated dairy brine streams is important in understanding mineral scaling on equipment, such as membrane modules, evaporators, and heat exchangers, and in brine pond operation. In this study, the solubility of calcium phosphate has been assessed in the presence of up to 300 g/L sodium chloride as well as lactose, organic acids, and anions at 10, 30, and 50 °C. As a neutral molecule, lactose has a marginal but still detectable effect upon calcium solubility.

Measurement of hepatic insulin sensitivity early after the bypass of the proximal small bowel in humans.

Objective: Unlike gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy procedures, intestinal bypass procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in particular, lead to rapid improvements in glycaemia early after surgery. The bypass of the proximal small bowel may have weight loss and even caloric restriction-independent glucose-lowering properties on hepatic insulin sensitivity. In this first human mechanistic study, we examined this hypothesis by investigating the early effects of the duodeno-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL; GI Dynamics, USA) on the hepatic insulin sensitivity by using the gold standard euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp methodology.

Disrupted neural activity patterns to novelty and effort in young adult -e4 carriers performing a subsequent memory task.

Introduction: The APOE e4 allele has been linked to poorer cognitive aging and enhanced dementia risk. Previous imaging studies have used subsequent memory paradigms to probe hippocampal function in e4 carriers across the age range, and evidence suggests a pattern of hippocampal overactivation in young adult e4 carriers.

Methods: In this study, we employed a word-based subsequent memory task under fMRI; pupillometry data were also acquired as an index of cognitive effort.

Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?

To account for the double-edged nature of demographic workplace diversity (i.e,. relational demography, work group diversity, and organizational diversity) effects on social integration, performance, and well-being-related variables, research has moved away from simple main effect approaches and started examining variables that moderate these effects.

The Association between Work-Related Rumination and Heart Rate Variability: A Field Study.

The objective of this study was to examine the association between perseverative cognition in the form of work-related rumination, and heart rate variability (HRV). We tested the hypothesis that high ruminators would show lower vagally mediated HRV relative to low ruminators during their leisure time. Individuals were classified as being low ( = 17) or high ruminators ( = 19), using the affective scale on the work-related rumination measure.

Public Attitudes on the Ethics of Deceptively Planting False Memories to Motivate Healthy Behavior.

Researchers have proposed that planting false memories could have positive behavioral consequences. The idea of deceptively planting 'beneficial' false memories outside of the laboratory raises important ethical questions, but how might the general public appraise this moral dilemma? In two studies, participants from the USA and UK read about a fictional 'false-memory therapy' that led people to adopt healthy behaviors. Participants then reported their attitudes toward the acceptability of this therapy, via scale-rating (both studies) and open-text (study 2) responses.

The Oxidative Stress Regulator RrpB Is Associated with a Genomic Hypervariable Region and Altered Oxidative Stress Resistance.

is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrhoeal disease worldwide. Despite the microaerophilic nature of the bacterium, can survive the atmospheric oxygen conditions in the environment. Bacteria that can survive either within a host or in the environment like require variable responses to survive the stresses associated with exposure to different levels of reactive oxygen species.

Adipose, Bone Marrow and Synovial Joint-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair.

Current cell-based repair strategies have proven unsuccessful for treating cartilage defects and osteoarthritic lesions, consequently advances in innovative therapeutics are required and mesenchymal stem cell-based (MSC) therapies are an expanding area of investigation. MSCs are capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages and exerting paracrine effects. Due to their easy isolation, expansion, and low immunogenicity, MSCs are an attractive option for regenerative medicine for joint repair.

Global symmetries and SUSY.

We prove that theories that arise by taking free hypermultiplets and gauging a subgroup of , the non-R global symmetry of the free theory, have a remaining global symmetry, which is a direct sum of unitary, symplectic, and special orthogonal factors. This implies that theories that have but not global symmetries, such as Gaiotto's theories, are not likely to arise as IR fixed points of RG flows from weakly coupled gauge theories.

Sensitivity of (d, p) Reactions to High n-p Momenta and the Consequences for Nuclear Spectroscopy Studies.

Theoretical models of low-energy (d, p) single-neutron transfer reactions are a crucial link between experimentation, nuclear structure, and nuclear astrophysical studies. Whereas reaction models that use local optical potentials are insensitive to short-range physics in the deuteron, we show that including the inherent nonlocality of the nucleon-target interactions and realistic deuteron wave functions generates significant sensitivity to high n-p relative momenta and to the underlying nucleon-nucleon interaction. We quantify this effect upon the deuteron channel distorting potentials within the framework of the adiabatic deuteron breakup model.