Development of an Anthropometric Prediction Model for Fat-Free Mass and Muscle Mass in Elite Athletes.

The monitoring of body composition is common in sports given the association with performance. Surface anthropometry is often preferred when monitoring changes for its convenience, practicality, and portability. However, anthropometry does not provide valid estimates of absolute lean tissue in elite athletes.

Bleeding Management Practices of Australian Cardiac Surgeons, Anesthesiologists and Perfusionists: A Cross-Sectional National Survey Incorporating the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and COM-B Model.

Purpose: Excessive bleeding is an acknowledged consequence of cardiac surgery, occurring in up to 10% of adult patients. This clinically important complication leads to poorer patient outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines are available to support best practice however variability in bleeding management practice and related adverse outcomes still exist.

Climate Change and Infectious Diseases: Evidence from Highly Vulnerable Countries.

Background: Climate change is an alarming challenge for humanity at large due to its mediating role in emergence and spread of infectious diseases like cholera and malaria. This study was conducted to examine the effect of climate change and some socio-economic factors on incidence of infectious diseases.

Methods: We used country level panel data over the 1990-2017 period using panel ARDL-PMG technique on highly affected countries from climate change.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Challenging the Status Quo?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiovascular genetic disorder. While our mechanistic understanding has been informed by elegant gene discovery studies that led to the term "disease of the sarcomere", more recent investigations have challenged the single-gene hypothesis. Multimodality imaging has allowed better phenotyping to facilitate early diagnosis, identify treatable phenocopies, and guide management.

Genomic, metabolic and phenotypic variability shapes ecological differentiation and intraspecies interactions of Alteromonas macleodii.

Ecological differentiation between strains of bacterial species is shaped by genomic and metabolic variability. However, connecting genotypes to ecological niches remains a major challenge. Here, we linked bacterial geno- and phenotypes by contextualizing pangenomic, exometabolomic and physiological evidence in twelve strains of the marine bacterium Alteromonas macleodii, illuminating adaptive strategies of carbon metabolism, microbial interactions, cellular communication and iron acquisition.

Importance of human papillomavirus infection in squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue in Guangdong Province, China.

Objective: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common oral tumors. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been proposed as a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, particularly oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma.

Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed HPV infection in 121 Chinese patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma in Guangdong Province.

RNA-Based Therapeutics: From Antisense Oligonucleotides to miRNAs.

The first therapeutic nucleic acid, a DNA oligonucleotide, was approved for clinical use in 1998. Twenty years later, in 2018, the first therapeutic RNA-based oligonucleotide was United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved. This promises to be a rapidly expanding market, as many emerging biopharmaceutical companies are developing RNA interference (RNAi)-based, and RNA-based antisense oligonucleotide therapies.

Effect of Midazolam in Addition to Propofol and Opiate Sedation on the Quality of Recovery After Colonoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: There is a concern that midazolam, when used as a component of sedation for colonoscopy, may impair cognition and prolong recovery. We aimed to identify whether midazolam produced short- and longer-term effects on multiple dimensions of recovery including cognition.

Methods: A 2-center double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized, phase IV study with a 1:1 allocation ratio was conducted in adults ≥18 years of age undergoing elective outpatient colonoscopy, with sufficient English language proficiency to complete the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale (PostopQRS).

Changes in subjective mental and physical fatigue during netball games in elite development athletes.

Objectives: To assess the magnitude of changes in, and relationships between, physical and mental fatigue pre-to-post match in elite development netballers.

Design: Observational.

Methods: Twelve female netballers (21.

The nature and extent of upper limb associated reactions during walking in people with acquired brain injury.

Background: Upper limb associated reactions (ARs) are common in people with acquired brain injury (ABI). Despite this, there is no gold-standard outcome measure and no kinematic description of this movement disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the upper limb kinematic variables most frequently affected by ARs in people with ABI compared with a healthy cohort at matched walking speed intention.

A case study - Implementing a registered nurse professional recognition program across a Queensland hospital and health service.

Ongoing advancement and documentation of professional development is required to maintain nursing registration and competency to practise in Australia and many other countries. All Australian registered nurses are required to undertake a minimum of 20 h of continuing professional development annually and demonstrate competence to practice; this is a criterion for nursing registration. Many health care organisations nationally and internationally develop programs to support such processes, assisting nurses to formally document their ongoing education and commitment to best practice, and clearly demonstrate their ongoing continuing professional development.

Nocturnal Hypoxemia Is Associated with Altered Parahippocampal Functional Brain Connectivity in Older Adults at Risk for Dementia.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Intermittent nocturnal hypoxemia in obstructive sleep apnea is associated with brain changes in key regions that underpin memory.

Objective: To determine whether older adults with severe nocturnal hypoxemia would exhibit reduced functional connectivity within these regions, with associated deficits in memory.

Effect of the Geriatric Emergency Department Intervention on outcomes of care for residents of aged care facilities: A non-randomised trial.

Objective: As the population of Australia ages, EDs will experience an increasing frequency of presentations of older adults from residential aged care facilities (RACFs). These presentations are often complex and time consuming in the chaotic and potentially hazardous ED environment. The Geriatric Emergency Department Intervention (GEDI) model was developed to optimise the care of frail older adults, especially RACF residents, in the ED.

Parkinson's disease prognostic scores for progression of cognitive decline.

Clinical and biochemical diversity of Parkinson's disease (PD) presents a major challenge for accurate diagnosis and prediction of its progression. We propose, develop and optimize PD clinical scores as efficient integrated progression biomarkers for prediction of the likely rate of cognitive decline in PD patients. We considered 269 drug-naïve participants from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative database, diagnosed with idiopathic PD and observed between 4 and 6 years.

Radical systems thinking and the future role of computational modelling in ergonomics: an exploration of agent-based modelling.

We are teetering on the precipice of the imminent Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this new age, systems are set to become more densely intraconnected and interconnected, and massive sociotechnical systems exhibiting unprecedented levels of complexity will increasingly take hold. At the dawning of this new age, the Ergonomics discipline must reflect on its preparedness for tackling problems in these novel systems.

Weaning Humidified High Flow Oxygen Therapy among Paediatric Patients: An Integrative Review of Literature.

Problem: The paucity of up-to-date recommendations and evidence-based models, whether it is physician-initiated or initiated by other healthcare professionals, for humidified high flow oxygen therapy among children.

Eligibility Criteria: The inclusion criteria included the following: 1) use of high flow oxygen therapy (≥15 L/min); 2) published studies from the year 2000 and onwards; 3) research article in a peer-reviewed journal; 4) studies conducted in a hospital setting involving paediatric patients <18 years old; 5) availability of full article online.

Sample: From March to April 2018, electronic databases such as PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica Database, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute Library of Systematic Reviews, SCOPUS, Ovid, Informit, and Google Scholar were accessed.

Nutraceuticals in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.

Background: Nutraceuticals are pharmacologically active substances extracted from vegetable or animal food and administered to produce health benefits. We recently reviewed the current evidence for nutraceuticals in patients diagnosed with heart failure as part of the writing of the Australian Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of heart failure.

Methods: A systematic search for studies that compared nutraceuticals to standard care in adult patients with heart failure was performed.

Brain N-Acetyl Aspartate and associations with cognitive impairment in alcohol dependent patients.

: Chronic alcohol consumption has been observed to be associated with a range of cognitive impairments that impact on treatment management. In this spectroscopy study, we examined the association of N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal integrity, and cognitive impairment in alcohol dependent patients.: Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS), we examined brain metabolite levels in 31 alcohol dependent individuals.

Human papillomavirus infection among head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in southern China.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) related tumours account for a significant proportion of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) in developed countries. They respond better to chemo- and radio-therapy, and have a better stage specific prognosis. To establish their prevalence in China, we assessed a series of histology confirmed HNSCCs collected in Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces by PCR for HPV DNA and by immunohistochemistry for p16 protein status.

Aortic reconstruction in infected aortic pathology by femoral vein "neo-aorta".

The use of autologous femoral veins for in situ reconstruction of the aortoiliac segment is an effective technique to treat native aorta or prosthetic graft infections. The indications, technical details, and outcomes of this procedure are detailed. Graft infection involving the aortic segment, while rare, remains one of the most challenging vascular surgery conditions to treat.

Recommendations for management of infected aortic pathology based on current evidence.

The management of infection involving the abdominal aorta requires clinical decisions based on patient factors and the nature of the infectious process. Any infection occurring after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair or open aortic replacement grafting should be treated promptly with appropriate systemic antibiotic therapy. Once a vascular prosthesis becomes infected, surgical treatment is necessary.

Tuning the Electron Localization of Gold Enables the Control of Nitrogen-to-Ammonia Fixation.

The (photo)electrochemical N reduction reaction (NRR) provides a favorable avenue for the production of NH using renewable energy in mild operating conditions. Understanding and building an efficient catalyst with high NH selectivity represents an area of intense interest for the early stages of development for NRR. Herein, we introduce a CoO layer to tune the local electronic structure of Au nanoparticles with positive valence sites for boosting conversion of N to NH .

Chlamydia-infected macrophages are resistant to azithromycin treatment and are associated with chronic oviduct inflammation and hydrosalpinx development.

Chlamydia infection remains the leading sexually-transmitted bacterial infection worldwide, causing damaging sequelae such as tubal scarring, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. As infection is often asymptomatic, prevention via vaccination is the optimal strategy for disease control. Vaccination strategies aimed at preventing bacterial infection have shown some promise, although these strategies often fail to prevent damaging inflammatory pathology when Chlamydia is encountered.