Repetitive Short-Term Stimuli Imposed in Poor Mixing Zones Induce Long-Term Adaptation of Cultures in Large-Scale Bioreactors: Experimental Evidence and Mathematical Model.

Rapidly changing concentrations of substrates frequently occur during large-scale microbial cultivations. These changing conditions, caused by large mixing times, result in a heterogeneous population distribution. Here, we present a powerful and efficient modeling approach to predict the influence of varying substrate levels on the transcriptional and translational response of the cell.

Weekly Time Course of Neuro-Muscular Adaptation to Intensive Strength Training.

Detailed description of the time course of muscular adaptation is rarely found in literature. Thus, models of muscular adaptation are difficult to validate since no detailed data of adaptation are available. In this article, as an initial step toward a detailed description and analysis of muscular adaptation, we provide a case report of 8 weeks of intense strength training with two active, male participants.

Identification of the agr Peptide of Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an important food-borne human pathogen that is able to strive under a wide range of environmental conditions. Its accessory gene regulator (agr) system was shown to impact on biofilm formation and virulence and has been proposed as one of the regulatory mechanisms involved in adaptation to these changing environments. The Lm agr operon is homologous to the Staphylococcus aureus system, which includes an agrD-encoded autoinducing peptide that stimulates expression of the agr genes via the AgrCA two-component system and is required for regulation of target genes.