Surface to Perforator Index: Assessing the Importance of the Number of Perforators in Successful Harvesting of the Anterolateral Thigh Flap.

Background:  The use of perforator flaps has become more popular with improvement of surgical technique, technology, as well as understanding of microvascular anatomy. The selection of well-perfused angiosomes is critical to the successful outcome of patients undergoing free tissue transfer. The number of perforators that are needed is dependent upon the surface area of the flap being harvested; however, there have been no studies to assess the optimal surface area supplied by each perforator.

Promises and Pitfalls of NMDA Receptor Antagonists in Treating Violent Aggression.

Treatment options for chronically aggressive individuals remain limited despite recent medical advances. Traditional pharmacological agents used to treat aggression, such as atypical antipsychotics, have limited efficacy and are often replete with dangerous side effects. The non-competitive NMDAR antagonists ketamine and memantine are promising alternatives, but their effects appear to be highly dependent on dosage, context, and personal experience.

The vascular pattern of the human dorsal root ganglion and its probable bearing on a compartment syndrome.

Study Design: A descriptive anatomic investigation of the vasculature of the dorsal root ganglions.

Objectives: To determine whether the blood supply of the various spinal ganglions is sufficiently consistent to derive a "generic" description and illustration that would be applicable to all spinal levels, and to ascertain whether this vascular pattern is inherently predisposed to the development of a closed compartment syndrome.

Summary Of Background Data: The few previous descriptions of spinal ganglionic vasculature do not include photographic evidence showing uniformity in the arterial distribution plan at all ganglionic levels.

Singlet molecular oxygen ((1)O2): a possible effector of eukaryotic gene expression.

Biological processes involving light may have both beneficial (photosynthesis) and destructive (photosensitization) consequences. Singlet molecular oxygen, (1)O2, and other reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, arise during the interaction of light with photosensitizing chemicals in the presence of molecular oxygen. (1)O2 oxidizes macromolecules such as lipids, nucleic acids, and protein, depending on its intracellular site of formation; and promotes detrimental processes such as lipid peroxidation, membrane damage, and cell death.